Download Chapter 7 Section 1

As the age of industrialization comes to a
close, the United States begins to look
beyond its shores toward expansionism.
Why???
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Imperialism
Ideology
Lilioukalani
Stanford Dole
Cause
Effect
So
Cause
Effect
*It rained
*I pushed over a stack of
dominoes
* I ate too much lunch
*I was texting while I
drove
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Because
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Examine the emergence of the United States
as a World Power
Understand the 4 causes of Imperialism as
they relate to the expansion into Alaska and
Hawaii
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Understand what cause and effect mean
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Be able to discuss the causes and effects of
Imperialism
Alaska had been settled by Russian fur traders in
the late 1700’s, but by 1867 fur sources were
becoming scarce. In addition, Russia was
struggling to recover from the Crimean War. As a
result, Russia offered to sell Alaska to the United
States. Overcoming strong opposition from
Congress, Secretary of State, William Seward
bought Alaska for $7.2 million in 1867. Critics
scoffed at “Seward’s folly” thinking that the
territory was a frozen wasteland. But after gold
and oil were discovered, Americans appreciated
the bargain. Seward also acquired the Midway
islands that same year.
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Why was Russian interested in selling Alaska?
Why did many people think Secretary of State
Seward had made a big mistake? Were they
right? Explain.
Main Idea:
The United States extended its power and
influence in the Pacific
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Expansion of a country’s control over other
lands
By the late 1800’s Great Britain, Germany,
France, Belgium, and Japan had all begun
imperialist activity.
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Economic interests:
◦ Looking for new markets (places to sell the goods
they were mass producing)
◦ Looking for new places to invest their money
◦ Looking for new sources of raw materials
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Military Needs
◦ Strong navies and militaries needed places to stop
and refuel or repair their ships
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Ideology
◦ Nationalism: strong love of one’s country
◦ Cultural Superiority: Social Darwinism
 This works in 2 ways:
 superiority and the right to conquer foreign lands,
 the ethical duty to help uncivilized inhabitants of other
countries
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Scramble for Territory
◦ By 1800’s Great Britain controlled 25% of the
world’s land and population
◦ Americans began to believe that it was their
turn to expand the country
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What 4 main ideas inspired imperialist activity
of the late 1800’s?
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The quest for new markets
The search for new raw materials
Military and refueling bases
The desire for more territory
The ideology of nationalism and Social Darwinism
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Russia offered to sell Alaska to the United
States for $7.2 million
Secretary of State William Seward was eager to
buy it for its resources of fur, timber, and
metals
Congress thought it was a “frozen wasteland”
and opposed the purchase
Seward proceeded with the purchase and was
ridiculed by the public.
After gold and oil were discovered, they
appreciated the bargain they had gotten.
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Currently, Alaska produces approximately
363,000 ounces of gold each year.
The current price of pure gold is
approximately $900 per ounce.
About how much money is Alaska gaining
from its gold mining alone?
Answer: $326 million
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Crude oil
Forestry and Lumber
Seafood
Natural defense from Russia
Great position for military or commercial
shipping
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIq8x9vnL
f4
In the late 1800’s the United States became
interested in Hawaii
Decided it was an ideal spot for fueling
stations and military bases
Hawaii’s 8 islands were united under Chief
Kamehameha in a monarchy. It operated a
successful trade in sandalwood
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Soon missionaries (Social Darwinists) and families
began to settle and raise crops, especially
sugarcane
Foreigners also brought diseases which killed
great numbers of Hawaiians. Changing the native
population from 300,000 to 40,000
Sugar planters grew very rich
Early on, King Kamehameha allied himself with
landowners and negotiated a treat to allow free
trade of sugar into the United States.
Landowners wanted more and more power over
Hawaii
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Groups of American landowners and businessmen
created a secret society called the “Hawaiian
League” to overthrow the King
The United States wanted Pearl Harbor in exchange
for renewing the sugar treaty, but King
Kamehameha refused to give up any part of
Hawaiian lands.
The Hawaiian League forced King Kamehameha to
sign a new constitution under gunpoint giving Pearl
Harbor to the United States. This constitution was
called the “Bayonet Constitution”
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When King Kamehameha died in 1891 his sister,
Liliuokalani became queen.
She wanted to do away with the bayonet
constitution
John L Stevens, the U.S. Minister to Hawaii,
ordered 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines ashore .
They surrounded the palace with machine guns
and cannons and forced Liliuokalani to surrender
the monarchy
He proclaimed Hawaii a republic with Sanford B
Dole as president, under the protection of the
United States while Congress decided on
Annexation
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President Grover Cleveland was troubled by the
events and put everything on hold pending an
investigation
The investigation condemned what occurred
and proposed reinstating the monarchy.
President Cleveland agreed but Dole refused to
step down
Historically, the Hawaiian Pineapple Company
had a hand in the hostile overthrow of Hawaii's
last queen, Liliuokalani, and the establishment
of Hawaii as a U.S. territory. Sanford Dole, the
cousin of James Dole, was briefly president of
the Republic of Hawaii in the years immediately
following the overthrow of the Hawaiian
monarchy, in 1893
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When William McKinnley became president, he
supported annexation, which occurred in
1898
In 1959 it became the 50th state of the United
States
In 1993 President Clinton and Congress
signed and apology to the Hawaiian people.
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How did the United States take control of
Hawaii?
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Took over the land and the economy
Forced chief to sign the bayonet constitution
Forced the queen to surrender
Annexed the territory
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Why was Hawaii an ideal location acquisition
for the United States?
◦ It was in an ideal spot for refueling and military
bases
◦ It had a profitable sugar industry
◦ Hawaii’s current crops include sugar, pineapple,
orchids, macadamia nuts, coffee, and papaya
Ideological
Causes
Quest for Effects of
New
Gaining
Territory this area
(Cause)
Alaska
None
None
Hawaii
None
None
Economic
Causes
Military
Causes
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What is a cause?
What is an effect?
What is Imperialism?
Who was Queen Lilioukalani?
Who was Stanford Dole?
What were the 4 major causes of Imperialism?
In retrospect, was Hawaii a good investment/purchase for the
U.S.?
Why was Hawaii a good addition for the United States?
What role did the sugar trade play in the annexation of
Hawaii?
W
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Write a 1-3 paragraph essay explaining the
causes and effects of Imperialism in Alaska
and Hawaii
Adapted Homework: (With permission only)
Prepare a list of causes and effects and
present it orally to me tomorrow during
tutorial period.
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China remained isolated and was not even
industrialized
In 1842 Great Britain forced China to open 5
ports for trade
Russia, France, Germany, and Great Britain
controlled “Spheres of Influence”, an area that
they had special economic or political control
over.
U.S. became concerned that they did not have
a sphere of influence, so they proposed the
Open Door Policy
Yellow:
France
Orange:
Britain
Green:
Germany
Purple: Japan
Red: Russia
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Open Door Policy was deigned to give all
countries equal trading rights in China
Sent notes to other countries supporting the
open door policy
No one else accepted it
Back in China…. Chinese nationalists formed
a secret society called the Society of Rightous
and Harmonious fists
They began attacking Chinese Christians, and
missionaries
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In June 1900, the boxers attacked Bejing
Western Nations sent 20,000 troops, (2,000
were Americans) who stopped the rebellion
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Proposed the Open Door Policy
Sent troops to put down the boxer rebellion
Forced China to sign a settlement treaty
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How did the Boxer rebellion actually help the
United States?
 Provided increased support for the Open Door Policy
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What motivated the Boxers to attack foreigners in
Bejing?
 Resentment & anger toward foreign influences
 Desire to push foreigners out
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What affect did the open door policy have of
China?
 Allowed foreign influence
 Exploited the resources of China
 Allowed missionaries into the country
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Since the 1600’s Japan was relatively cut off
from the rest of the world (on purpose)
U.S. began pressuring Japan to open up for
trade
In 1854 it agreed to open for trade, then went
through a rapid period of modernization and
industrialization.
It began to want to expand into Manchuria
(which Russia also wanted)
In 1904 Russo-Japanese war broke out. After
about 1 ½ years Japan asked the U.S. to help
negotiate a peace treaty.
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President Theodore Roosevelt received a
Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the treaty.
Japan emerged as the victor and as a major
world power.
President Roosevelt was concerned about
Japan’s intentions for expansion and sent a
military expedition of 4 squadrons of
battleships around the world, stopping in
Japan to impress upon them not to threaten
the U.S.
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How did the United States exert influence in
Japan?
◦ By displaying military power
◦ Negotiating a treaty to end the Russo-Japanese war
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What large territory did the United States
purchase from Russia in 1867?
What did Queen Liliuokalani surrender to the
United States in 1893?
In 1854 what Asian country was pressured to
open itself to United States trade?
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Draw a timeline
Add important events that occurred from
1850-the mid 1900’s that affected the United
States’ policy of expansionism.
There should be at least 10 events on the
timeline