Download Name - Where Science Meets Life

Name: __________________________
Review Sheet—Viruses, Bacteria, Protists and Fungi
Objective 1: Describe the structure of a virus.
1. Draw a picture of a virus. Label the capsid and the nucleic acid.
2. Draw a cell that your virus can infect.
3. What are the 2 types of nucleic acids? What is a capsid made of?
DNA and RNA. The capsid is made of protein.
Objective 2: Compare and contrast the structure of a virus to the structure of a cell.
1. Describe 3 differences between viruses and cells.
Viruses do not have organelles.
Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell
Viruses cannot maintain homeostasis.
2. What is one thing that viruses have in common with cells?
They both contain nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
Objective 3: Explain why viruses are considered to be non-living.
1. Give at least 2 reasons that a virus is considered non-living.
Do not contain cells
Cannot reproduce without aid of a host cell
Cannot maintain homeostasis
No metabolism
Objective 4: Compare the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral infection.
1. Briefly describe the lytic cycle.
Name: __________________________
Review Sheet—Viruses, Bacteria, Protists and Fungi
2. How is the lysogenic cycle different from the lytic cycle?
Objective 5: Explain how diseases are transmitted.
1. Describe the 5 ways that diseases are transmitted.
a. Contact with contaminated objects
b. Inhalation of droplets
c. Contact with blood or body fluids
d. Contact with contaminated food or water
e. Spread by vectors
2. Give one example for each of the methods of transmission you described.
a. Touching a doorknob
b. Contact with someone sneezing
c. Exposed to someone’s injury
d. Eating after someone who is sick
e. Mosquito bite
Objective 6: Give examples of diseases caused by viruses.
1. List 4 diseases caused by viruses.
AIDS, Hepatitis, Influenza, Yellow Fever
Objective 7: Describe mutualistic relationships that involve bacteria.
1. Give an example of a mutualistic relationship that bacteria are part of. Be sure to explain how
both parties benefit.
Name: __________________________
Review Sheet—Viruses, Bacteria, Protists and Fungi
Bacteria inside of us benefit from having an environment that provides them with food. This
bacteria benefits us by releasing vitamin K that we need to survive.
Objective 8: Give examples of diseases caused by bacteria.
1. List 3 examples of diseases caused by bacteria.
Staph, Strep, Gonorrhea, Anthrax
2. What are the 2 ways that bacteria harm their host?
Attacking and damaging other cells
Secreting toxic fluids
Objective 9: Describe the role of bacteria and fungi as decomposers in ecosystems and predict the
effect of removing decomposers in an ecosystem.
1. Why are decomposers important?
Break down dead organisms, create nutrients
2. What would happen if all decomposers were removed from the earth?
All dead matter would build up and never be removed from the earth
Objective 10: Give examples of diseases caused by protists.
1. Give 3 examples of diseases caused by protists.
Malaria, Giardia, African Sleeping Sickness
Objective 11: Give examples of parasitic fungi that cause disease.
1. Give 3 examples of diseases caused by fungi.
Athlete’s Foot, Thrush, Ringworm
Objective 12: Describe the role of white blood cells in fighting disease.
1. What body system fights disease?
Immune System
2. What proteins do white blood cells produce?
Antibodies
3. Explain why you get most viral diseases only once.
Because our bodies create antibodies so that our immune system can destroy it if we
are exposed to it again.
Objective 13: Explain how the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines has changed the way
communicable diseases are treated.
1. How would your life be different if there were no antibiotics or vaccines? BE SPECIFIC!
We would constantly be sick and would likely die from the infections that we contract. Also, we
could catch the same disease over and over again.
Objective14: Explain how a vaccine protects against a viral infection.
1. How does a vaccine keep you from getting sick?
It exposes us to a defective virus and allows our bodies to build up immunity by creating
antibodies.
Objective 15: Given a set of data, organize it into a data table and graph.
1. Your friend is trying to make a data table. Make a list of things she should include in her table.
Title, Headings of columns and rows, correct data, and, if needed, correct units
Name: __________________________
Review Sheet—Viruses, Bacteria, Protists and Fungi
2. What is an independent variable? What axis does it go on?
Remember DRY MIX. The Independent variable is the one that is manipulated in the experiment
and is always plotted on the X axis.
3. What is a dependent variable? What axis does it go on?
The Dependent variable is the one that Responds or is the Result of the experiment, and it is
always plotted on the Y axis.
Objective 16: Evaluate the validity of data based on sample size, error and relevance to the
hypothesis being tested.
1. Why is it good to have a large sample?
The larger the sample the better a representation of what is being observed. This is true of both
surveys and experimental trials. Ex. An INQUIRE classroom is not a true representation of the
population of Jane Long. Less ethnicity and not the same ratio of boys to girls.
2. What does “representative sample” mean?
As mentioned above, it would reflect the overall population or thing being observed. For
example, if you just surveyed the political beliefs of people in the North East, it would not be a
true representation of the entire country.
Objective 17: Make a valid conclusion from a given set of data.
1. What steps should you follow when trying to make a conclusion?
Compare it to your hypothesis, make sure that you are using only the data measured, be objective
(based on facts), point out possible errors and opportunities for further investigations.
In Addition: Know the following…
Classifications:
Way to Remember order:
Kingdom
King
Phylum
Phil
Class
Came
Order
Over
Family
For
Genus
Good
Species
Soup
***Make sure that you read over the notes on Classification!!
Dichotomous Keys: Are a method for determining a type of organism by using a method of choices.
There are two choices for each characteristic. Choose one and proceed to next indicated step. Once all
choices are made the organism is identified. See PowerPoint in Notes for an example.