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Name __________________________
Directed Reading 6B
Period _____
60 Points
Answer the following questions in complete sentences, except where you can fill in the blanks, by
reading pages 473-483 in The American Journey. (A Call for Freedom & Life During the Civil War)
1. From the start of the war through the brutal Battle of Antietam, the Northerners’ main
goal was to _________________________ rather than to destroy slavery.
2. ____________________ did not control the North, or even the Republican Party.
3. Although Abraham Lincoln considered slavery _______________, he hesitated to move
against slavery because of the _______________ states. In August 1862, how did Lincoln
respond to pressure to declare an end to slavery (exact quote)?
4. Most Northerners believed that slavery was helping the _______________ in the South.
Lincoln knew that striking a blow against slavery would make _______________ and
France less likely to aid the South. Lincoln also believed it was important that the
_______________ rather than the Republicans in _______________ make the decision
on ending slavery.
5. On September 22, 1862, __________ (#) days after the Union victory in the Battle of
_______________, Lincoln announced his plan to free all slaves in the Confederacy.
6. On ____________________ (date), Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation,
which said that, “all persons held as slaves within any state …in _______________ against the
United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and ____________________.”
7. Who was actually freed by the proclamation? Why? What did Lincoln hope would happen?
8. Even before the Emancipation Proclamation, some __________ (#) African Americans
had left slavery for the safety of Union lines. Despite the limitations of the proclamation,
African Americans in the North greeted it _______________.
9. ____________________ wrote, “We shout for joy that we live to record this righteous decree.” In
1865 Congress passed the _________________ Amendment to abolish slavery in the U.S.
10. The Emancipation Proclamation announced Lincoln’s decision to permit African
Americans to join the _______________.
11. When the war began, over _______________ (#) enslaved people lived in the
Confederacy. They made up more than _____ (#) percent of the region’s population and
the bulk of its workforce. By the end of the war, about _______________ (fraction) of
the enslaved population had fled to areas controlled by Union armies.
12. The possibility of a slave rebellion _______________ white Southerners. For this reason,
most Southerners refused to use African Americans as _______________ (near the end
of the war ____________________ and some others suggested this course of action).
13. African Americans who had escaped slavery often proved to be useful as guides and
__________ because of their knowledge of the South. Some women, such as
____________________, repeatedly served in this manner behind Confederate lines.
14. By the end of the war, African American volunteers made up nearly _______ (#) percent
of the Union army and about _______________ (#) percent of the Union navy. About
__________ (#) African Americans lost their lives defending the Union.
15. One of the most famous African American regiments was the ____________________
(# & state), led by white abolitionists. Nearly __________ (fraction) of the regiment were
wounded, captured or killed in an attack near _______________, South Carolina. Their
_______________ won respect for African American troops.
16. Many white Southerners, _______________ by African American soldiers, threatened to
_______________ any they captured. In a few instances, this threat was carried out.
17. What did soldiers write about in letters to their families and friends at home?
18. The new __________ used during the Civil War fired with greater accuracy than the
muskets of earlier wars. Medical facilities were _______________ by the thousands of
casualties in each battle.
19. About one of every __________ (#) Union soldiers and one of every __________ (#)
Confederate soldiers _______________, or ran away, because of fear, hunger, or sickness.
20. What jobs did women perform to help the soldiers and armies?
21. While everyday life in the North suffered little disruption, life in the South was
_______________ changed. One Southerner noted that the South had depended on the
outside world “for everything from a hairpin to a _______________, and from a cradle to a
_______________.” What kinds of shortages did the South experience?
22. ____________________ entertained leaders in Washington to pick up information that
she passed to the South. She was caught, convicted of __________, and exiled.
23. In the North, ____________________ organized large numbers of women to serve as
military nurses. Another Northerner, ____________________, became famous for her
work with wounded soldiers. In the South ____________________ established a
hospital for soldiers in Richmond, Virginia.
24. “__________ Democrats” favored negotiating with the South. Republican newspapers
called them “_______________.” Lincoln ordered the __________ of anyone interfering
with the war effort. Several times he suspended the right of ____________________,
which guarantees accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed.
25. In April 1862, the Confederate Congress passed a __________ law that required men
between ages eighteen and _____ (#) to serve in the army for three years. A person could
avoid service by hiring a _______________. Later, Congress exempted one white man
on every plantation with __________ (#) or more enslaved people.
26. People complained of “a _______________’s war but a _______________’s fight.”
27. Union states encouraged enlistments by offering _______________ – payments to
encourage volunteers. In March 1863, the North also turned to a __________. All men
from age twenty to _____ (#) had to register. A person could avoid service in the
North by hiring a _______________ or by paying the government $ __________ (#).
28. Protests erupted into __________ in several Northern cities. The worst took place in
_______________ in July 1863. Angry mobs went on a rampage of burning,
_______________, and killing. After four days, more than 100 were dead.
29. The __________ borrowed more than $2 billion, mainly by selling war __________ that
promised high interest. The __________ borrowed more than $700 million.
30. The Union passed a(n) _______________ tax in 1861. Northern money was called
_______________ because of its color.
31. During the war prices rose faster than __________ in the North. This
_______________ caused great hardship for working people. Overall, however, the
Northern economy __________.
32. The Civil War is often called the first “_____________” war because it required the total
commitment of resources. Southern _______________ was overrun and
_______________ were torn up. By the end of the war, large portions of the South lay in
ruins and thousands of people were _______________.
33. A scarcity of food led to riots in _______________, Richmond, and other cities.
_______________, too, was much worse in the South. Prices rose __________ (#)
percent – compared to a rise of 80 percent in the North.