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ENHANCING COMMUNITY OF
PRACTICE IN ONE HEALTH FOR
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Brief overview of the One Health Concept
• Brief overview of the Community of Practice Concept?
• Operationalization of the One Health Concept
• How does it factor into the mitigation of emerging and reemerging diseases
• Challenges or Barriers to collaboration - in pandemic disease recognition, identification,
and response
• Promotion of One Health – Formation of Bridges by the ONE HEALTH
NATIONAL NETWORKS FOR ENHANCED RESEARCH IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Formats – communities of practice, networks, formal education, continuing education
• Objectives
• Activities
Overview of the One Health Concept (1)
• The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans and
animals are linked because we share the same environment.
People who have close contact with large numbers of animals such as farmers,
abattoir workers, shearers and veterinarians are at a higher risk of contracting a
zoonotic disease. Members of the wider community are also at risk from those
zoonoses that can be transmitted by family pets.
Reasons for the Emergence of Zoonotic
Diseases
• Microbial Adaptation
• Human Population Pressures
• Poverty and Susceptibility to Infection
• Economic Development and Land Use
• Bush Meat Consumption
• Urbanization
• International Travel
• Exotic Animal Trade
• Intent to Cause Harm
Overview of the One Health Concept (2)
One Health aims at
providing holistic
prevention and treatment
of human and animal
diseases, by:
In view of the interconnections,
One Health advocates for a
multidisciplinary approach to
addressing human, animal and
ecosystem health issues.
• taking into consideration
the interconnections
among humans, animals,
their shared
environment and
associated factors that
influence the
epidemiology of
Unfortunately, multidisciplinary
collaboration has some barriers
to overcome because of already
‘single discipline’ established
structures.
zoonotic diseases.
COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE
Community of Practice
Definition of communities of practice
"...are groups of people who share a concern or a passion
for something they do and learn how to do it better
as they interact regularly” Wenger 2006
The Community: they engage in joint discussions, share information, and
learn and support from each other
The Practice: members are practitioners that develop a repertoire of
resources, experiences, tools, and ways of addressing re-occuring
problems - i.e: shared practice
Community of Practice
A form of knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer
• A community of professionals that shares practices – formal, informal, face to face,
virtual.
• Learn to work across boundaries of roles, agencies and levels to solve problems
• Technology adoption, knowledge management and learning through interaction with
one another [iron sharpening iron]
• A means of reducing the learning curve for new staff – mentoring/apprenticeship
• Communities of Practice (CoPs) are promoted in the healthcare sector as a means of
generating and sharing knowledge and improving organisational performance. [enhance
knowledge and improve practice]
Community of Practice and One Health
• How have we used it in the context of operationalizing One Health?
• Establishment of networks – nationally, regionally [iron sharpening iron]
• Trainer of trainers workshops – multidisciplinary; mix of educational
status
• Undertake collaborative research - multidisciplinary
• Virtual interactions – emails, teleconference, skype
• Staff mobility
• Continuous Professional Development Courses
•CoP MEMBERSHIP: Medics, Vets, Wildlife vets, Environmentalists,
Laboratorians, Technicians, Nurses, Social scientists,, Biostatisticians,
Biochemists, Haematologists, Biological Scientists, Biomedical Scientists, and
other Allied Health Scientists
OPERATIONALIZING ONE HEALTH (1)
Operationalization of One Health: [One Health needs to move beyond the conceptual]
The importance of operationalizing One Health is not in defining the concept, but in integrating the
activities of the various organizations that play a role in addressing human, animal or ecosystem health
issues.
These organizations must collaborate in the control, prevention and treatment / mitigation of health
challenges (planning, monitoring, surveillance, etc, even budgeting) rather than work individually and in
silos as has been the practice for centuries.
OUR EFFORTS AT MOVING ONE HEALTH BEYOND THE CONCEPTUAL
Our overarching Goal: To advocate for, and facilitate the working together of health researchers and
practitioners at the human, animal and environmental interfaces – to mitigate the risks of emerging and
re-emerging diseases
Aims:
• To introduce the One Health Concept to potential stakeholders – talk the talk
• To operationalize the One Health Concept – walk the talk
• To build capacity in One Health – postgraduate training, trainer of trainers workshops, mentoring.
OPERATIONALIZING ONE HEALTH (2)
1) Establishment of Communities of Practice [iron sharpening iron]
•
•
•
•
Establishment of One Health networks – nationally, regionally
Meetings - locally, nationally, regionally
Multidisciplinary Collaborative research – locally, nationally, regionally
Multidisciplinary resolution of health issues – zoonotic diseases ex. Avian
Influenza
• Staff mobility
2) Training
• Trainer of trainers workshops – local, regional [Mix – of all backgrounds and
professions]
• Post-graduate studies - Masters and PhDs
• Student mobility - Internships in research laboratories, Masters and PhDs
• The Mix: Involve community and non-traditional partners (i.e., security agencies,
traditional rulers, literates, illiterates, residents associations, public sanitation
companies, media).
Curriculum Development: One Health core
competencies
Identifying core
competencies is important
to developing relevant
training programs for One
Health professionals.
One Health core
competencies = the unique
competencies that all One
Health professionals should
have, regardless of their
discipline of origin
Education of professionals for One Health
• Multidisciplinary and core public
health coursework including
Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Public health and Zoonotic diseases
Wildlife diseases and management
Environmental Health
• Supervised teaching and research
• Collaborative programs connecting
the three disciplines.
• Internships in research laboratories
Veterinary
medicine
Human
Medicine
Environmental
Sciences
One Health Postgraduate Training Curriculum
One Health Programmes in public universities in Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia and Mozambique
MSc Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training MPHIL in Applied Epidemiology and Disease Control
Programme (FELTP)
includes Veterinary Public Health
MSc One Health Molecular Biology
MPHIL in Applied Health Social Sciences
MSc Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Master of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
MSc Epidemiology
MSc Health Informatics
MSc Applied Microbiology
MSc Public Health
MSc Biochemistry
MSc One Health Analytical Epidemiology
MSc Natural Products and Value Addition
PhD in Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical and
Allied Sciences
One Health Trainer of Trainers Workshop
Trainer of Trainers Curriculum
One Health Concept & Role of One Health in the
Control of Human & Animal Diseases
Laboratory surveillance: Human, Lab. Network.
SLIPTA/SLMTA and Quality Assurance
Disease Surveillance system: IDSR concept
Laboratory Diagnosis
Identification and reporting cases of priority diseases,
conditions and events
Incident Management of Zoonoses
Public Health and Occupational Safety
Animal Disease Surveillance
Outbreak detection and investigation
Global Health Security
Biosecurity
International Health Regulations (2005)
Depopulation and Disposal of diseased animals
Outbreak Response and Management
Cholera Surveillance & Clinical Management
Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response
Systems
National Emergency Preparedness Plan
Introduction to Global Positioning System (GPS)
Community Based Surveillance System
Introduction to Geographical Information System (GIS)
Challenges in implementing One Health
Globally and in Africa in Particular
1. Limited collaboration & coordination mechanisms
(operation in silos)
2. Minimum multi-sector engagement
3. Limited sharing of information (communication)
4. Inadequate and inequitable distribution of resources
5. Inadequate laboratory capacity
6. Inadequate knowledge on emerging health treats
15
Pillars for One Health approach policy development as
envisaged in the Regional zoonotic strategy
16
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
PRECIOUS ATTENTION