Download week-1-parts-of-speech-fe-16-11-16

Introduction to the course
• Why English for Academic Purposes?
• What is the importance of English in our
writing?
• Purpose of this course.
Objectives of the course
• Understand the importance of grammar
• Learn rules, structure and function of
grammar
• Understand the structure and parts of
sentence
• Learn the techniques to identify and rectify
grammatical mistakes
• Enhance students’ English Language
competency
Outcomes of the course
• Write error-free sentences
• Compose well-organized coherent paragraphs
• Develop fluency and accuracy of English
language
• Use a variety of vocabulary words in real-life
situations
Assessment
• Quiz
10 marks
• English creative writing
10 marks
• Mid-term paper
20 marks
• Reflective log
10 marks
• A Corridor to English
20 marks
• Final paper
30 marks
Class Rules
Do’s
Be Punctual
Be attentive
Be innovative
Share your ideas
Take part in discussion
Do your work in time
Formal Dressing
Don’ts
Do not laugh at others
Do not make fun of others
Do not waste your time in
waste activities
Do not quarrel
Do not waste your time in
roaming the university
Diagnostic Test
Time allowed : 30 Mints
Parts of speech
Objectives
• To identify different Parts of Speech
• To learn about different types of nouns,
pronouns and adjective
• To use appropriate nouns, pronouns and
adjective in their writing.
Eight parts of speech
• The 8 “building blocks” of the English
language:
Noun
• A noun is a word that describes a person, place, a
thing, or an idea.
– Examples:
• Persons: teacher, students, book
• Places: country, Lahore, city
• Things: chair, table, pen,
• Ideas: courage, freedom
Types of Noun
• Common noun
• Proper noun
• Abstract noun
• Concrete noun
• Countable and uncountable noun
• Collective noun
• Possessive noun
Common Noun
• A common noun describes a person, place and
thing.
• For example: city, country, town, boy
Proper Noun
Proper nouns name a particular person, place,
thing, or idea and begin with a capital letter.
Example: Ali, Pakistan, London, Lahore, etc
Abstract Noun
An abstract noun names ideas, feelings, or
qualities. They cannot be physically touched.
Examples: sorrow , loss
Concrete Noun
• A concrete noun names a material thing,
person, or place. It is something that can be
physically touched.
• Examples: Book, table, car, etc
Countable and Uncountable Noun
• Countable Noun: It can be singular or plural. It
can be counted.
Ex. Ships, cars, books, etc
• Uncountable noun: it is neither singular nor
plural. We cannot count it.
Ex. Water, milk, butter, music, etc
Collective Noun
Collective nouns name a group or collection of people,
places, things or ideas. They are considered one unit
and so they are singular.
Examples:
The staff includes professionals and nonprofessionals.
The group of students is standing in line.
Possessive Noun
The possessive form of a noun shows ownership
or relationship.
Example: Ali’s book
Noun Rule Possessive
• Singular: family of bird : bird’s family
• Plural: colour of eggs: eggs’ colors
• Plurals not ending in -s:hat of men: men’s hats
Place of Noun in a Sentence
• As a Subject
• As a Object
• As Direct Object and Indirect Object
• As Object of the Preposition
Noun as Subject
• Noun comes in subject where there is a
person, place, thing, idea.
• Examples:
Freedom should not be taken for granted.
Ali and Aslam wanted to attend the lecture.
The students are solving the activity.
Noun as Object
• Object is the receiver of the action.
Examples:
Ali reads book.
Many countries are presenting plans.
Noun as Direct and Indirect Object
• As Direct Object: (Wrote what?)
Examples:
Maria wrote a check.
She gave me a candy.
• As Indirect Object: (Wrote to whom?)
Examples:
Maria wrote Jose a check.
She gave me a candy.
NOUN as Object of a Preposition
A Noun that follows a preposition is called the
object of the preposition.
Example:
The cat wanders in the house.
Activity
Identify types of noun
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Always speak the truth.
2. Honesty is the best policy.
3. King Solomon was famous for his wisdom.
4. A committee of five was appointed.
5. We saw a fleet of ships in the harbour.
6. He gave me a bunch of grapes.
7. London is on the river Thames.
8. Cleanliness is next to godliness.
9. Wisdom is better than riches.
10. Winston Churchill was one of the greatest
Prime Ministers of England.
Noun
Johnny Grammar
Answers
Solution of the Activity
• 1. truth: abstract noun
• 2. honesty: abstract noun, policy: abstract noun
• 3. King: common noun, Solomon: proper noun,
wisdom: abstract noun
• 4. committee: collective noun
• 5. a fleet: collective noun, ships: common noun,
harbour: common noun
• 6. a bunch: collective noun, grapes: common noun
• 7. London: proper noun, river: common noun, Thames:
proper noun
• 8. cleanliness: abstract noun, godliness: abstract noun
• 9. wisdom: abstract noun, riches: abstract noun
• 10. Winston Churchill: proper noun, Prime Ministers:
common noun, England: proper noun
Common Errors of Noun
• Incorrect: I would like to buy some furnitures.
Correct: I would like to buy some furniture.
• Incorrect: Have you got any informations?
Correct: Have you got any information?
• Incorrect: Have you packed your luggages?
Correct: Have you packed your luggage?
• Incorrect: Is there any breads?
Correct: Is there any bread? OR Are there
any loaves?
Explanation: Nouns like scenery, furniture, news,
information, luggage and bread are always used in
the singular. They do not have a plural form.
Continued
• Incorrect: He told these news to me.
Correct: He told me this news.
Explanation: The noun news is only used in the singular.
So, we cannot use these before news. When a verb (e.g.
told) takes two objects, we prefer to put the indirect
object (e.g. me) before the direct object (e.g. this news).
Note that the indirect object is usually a person as in the
above example.
• Incorrect: The government should pay attention to the
problems of the poors.
Correct: The government should pay attention to the
problems of the poor.
• Incorrect: He provided the blinds with food.
Correct: He provided the blind with food.
Explanation: Expressions like the poor, the dead, the
blind, the unemployed are always plural. You don’t have
Home task of Noun
After this, teacher will instruct the students that
they will solve the exercises at home.
76 page and exercise (1),
79 page and exercise (1 & 3)
80 page and exercise (3 & 4) at home.
Pronoun, types and its
errors
What is a Pronoun?
• A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or
another pronoun.
• Like a noun, a pronoun can refer to a person, place,
thing, or idea.
• The word that a pronoun refers to is called its
antecedent.
• For Example:
Maria was lost. She didn’t panic.
She checked the flashlight. It still worked.
Types of Pronoun
• Interrogative Pronoun
• Demonstrative Pronoun
• Reflexive Pronoun
• Indefinite Pronoun
• Personal Pronoun
What is an Interrogative Pronoun?
• An interrogative pronoun is used to introduce
a question.
• The interrogative pronouns are who, whom,
what, which, and whose.
• For Example:
Who used up all the water?
Whose cup is this?
What is a Demonstrative Pronoun?
• A demonstrative pronoun points out a
person, place, thing, or idea.
• The demonstrative pronouns-this, that, these,
and those-are used alone in sentences.
• For Example:
That is a circuit breaker.
This is our emergency shelter.
Those are electrical appliances.
These are bottles of water.
What is a Reflexive Pronoun?
• A pronoun that ends in self or selves is a reflexive pronoun:
myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, itself,
and themselves.
• A reflexive pronoun refers to the subject and directs the
action of the verb back to the subject.
• A reflexive pronoun is always an object (never a subject) in a
sentence.
•
For Example:
The Carson family tried to lift themselves out of poverty.
Ben Carson dedicated himself to becoming a doctor.
What is an Indefinite Pronoun?
• An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a
specific person, place, thing, or idea.
• Indefinite pronouns often do not have
antecedents.
• For Example:
Nothing lasts forever.
Anyone can make a time capsule.
List of Indefinite Pronouns…
Singular
another
anybody
anyone
anything
each
either
everybody
everyone
everything
Plural
much
neither
nobody
no one
nothing
one
somebody
someone
something
both
few
many
several
Singular or
Plural
all
any
most
none
some
List of Personal Pronouns…
Type of Pronoun
Subject
Object
Possessive
Singular
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
I
you
he, she, it
me
you
him, her, it
my, mine
your, yours
his, her, hers, its
Plural
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
we
you
they
us
you
them
our, ours
your, yours
their, theirs
Errors of pronoun
• Aslam is a boy. He is a student (not they are student).
• Aslam and Ali are studying. They are friends ( not he is
friend).
• Use of It
Objects without life: Ex. Here is book. Take it away.
For statement: Ex. It is Ali who passed the exams
For emphasis: Ex. It is a fact that poverty is increasing.
For unknown sex: Ex. The child is playing. It is creating
noise.
For rain or thunder: It rains. Or It snows.
Errors of Relative Pronoun
• Who: for living:
I saw a boy who was going.
• Which: For non-living:
There was an old tree which was full of leaves.
• That: both for living and non living:
Let’s practice
1
Kris went to the game. ____
brought her little brother with
her.
Answer
Kris went to the game. She brought
her
little brother with her.
2
Randy left ____ baseball glove at
home.
Answer
Randy left his baseball glove at
home.
3
_____ left a
book on the playground.
Answers
Someone left a
book on the playground.
4
_____ pair of shoes belongs to
James?
Answer
Which pair of shoes belongs to
James?
Pronoun Activity in Booklet
Time allowed: 05 minutes
Last night I/me went out to play with a friend. We/us
played jump rope and chased spiders before the moon
came out. Mine/My mother came out to find me/my.
When her/she found I/me my mother told me/I it was
time for bed. When I/me said goodbye to my friend
her/she told me us/we would play again tomorrow.
Solution of the activity
• Last night I/me went out to play with a
friend. We/us played jump rope and chased spiders
before the moon came out. Mine/My mother came
out to find me/my. When her/she found I/me my
mother told me/I it was time for bed. When I/me
said goodbye to my friend her/she told me
us/we would play again tomorrow.
Pronoun
Johnny Grammar
Home task of Pronoun
• After this, teacher will instruct the students
that they will solve following exercises at
home.
• Page 98 and exercise (1 & 2)
• Page 99 and exercise (1 & 3)
• Page 100 and exercise (1 & 3)
What is going on in this picture?
Possible answers ???
• The magnificent butterfly is on the flower.
• There is an orange flower.
• It is a beautiful and attractive picture.
• It depicts natural beauty.
• The butterfly with the colorful wings seems lovely.
• One butterfly flys quietly beneath the tree.
Adjective
• It is used before a noun and after linking verb
• Before noun: A new car has been launched.
(Attributive)
• After linking verb: Ali is rich. (Predicative)
Adjective in academic writing
• To add in the meaning of noun to clarify or to
stress.
Ex. Intelligent boy, candid statement
Types of Adjective
• Comparative Adjective
• Superlative Adjective
• Demonstrative Adjective
• Indefinite Adjective
• Interrogative Adjective
Comparative and superlative
• Simple degree:
Ex. He is wise
• Comparative: Two equal things: er and Than
Ex. Ali is wiser than Aslam.
• Superlative: One person with class, country or
world: est and the
Ex. Ali is the wisest boy.
Degrees of adjective
Activity of Comparative (BC)
• Complete the sentences by entering the correct form of these adjectives
in the gaps: big | cheap | cold | fat | good | loud | old | small | young.
1. As you get older policemen seem to be younger
2. As more people arrived the crowd got _________
3. As the plane flew higher the houses below got __________.
4. As we travelled north from Glasgow the temperature got ___________.
5. As we argued more in the market, the price got ____________.
6. As the opera reached the end, the music got ____________.
7. My memory gets worse as I get ______________.
8. As we eat more we get _______________.
9. If I practice regularly I get _____________.
Solution of the Activity
• Complete the sentences by entering the correct form of these adjectives
in the gaps: big | cheap | cold | fat | good | loud | old | small | young.
1. As you get older policemen seem to be younger.
2. As more people arrived the crowd got bigger.
3. As the plane flew higher the houses below got smaller.
4. As we travelled north from Glasgow the temperature got colder.
5. As we argued more in the market, the price got cheaper.
6. As the opera reached the end, the music got louder.
7. My memory gets worse as I get older.
8. As we eat more we get fatter.
9. If I practice regularly I get better.
Johnny Grammar
Comparative Adjective Video
Activity of Superlative
Make true sentences using these adjectives in the superlative form: dry |
expensive | fast | high | long | old | rich | tall.
1.
Rhodium is the _________ metal.
2. Everest is the __________ mountain in the world.
3. The Atacama Desert is the __________ place on Earth.
4. The first-born son or daughter is the ____________ child in the family.
5. The Burj Khalifa is the __________ structure in the world.
6. The cheetah is the ___________ land animal.
7. The Bang Na Expressway is the __________ road bridge in the world.
8. Carlos Slim is the ____________ man in the world.
Solution of the Activity
Make true sentences using these adjectives in the superlative form: dry |
expensive | fast | high | long | old | rich | tall.
1.
Rhodium is the most expensive metal.
2. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
3. The Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth.
4. The first-born son or daughter is the eldest child in the family.
5. The Burj Khalifa is the tallest structure in the world.
6. The cheetah is the fastest land animal.
7. The Bang Na Expressway is the longest road bridge in the world.
8. Carlos Slim is the richest man in the world.
Johnny Grammar
Superlative Adjective Video
Demonstrative Adjectives
• Demonstrative adjectives point out a noun.
• They are the same words as the
demonstrative pronouns.
• There are four demonstratives:
this
that
these
those
Indefinite Adjectives
• Indefinite adjectives point out nouns.
• They often tell “how many” or “how much” of
something.
• List of indefinite adjective:
all, any, another, both, each, either, few, little,
many, more, most, much, neither, one, other,
several, some
Interrogative Adjectives
• Interrogative adjectives are used to ask
questions.
• Three of them were also interrogative
pronouns:
which
what
whose
Position of adjective
• Either on subject or object before noun
I saw an old tree
• It can be used as complement
He is wise.
Activity in Booklet
Identify adjective in the following paragraph
Scary monsters are found everywhere. Some are
frightening and some are strange. There are
enormous, hairy monsters, and small, fuzzy monsters.
Some are imaginary, like angry trolls that live in dark,
damp caves or under old, wooden bridges. Others live
in dense, overgrown forests and eat slimy, disgusting
food. Monsters can be green, red, or black.
Solution of the activity
Scary monsters are found everywhere. Some are
frightening and some are strange. There are
enormous, hairy, and small monsters. Some are
imaginary, like angry trolls that live in dark, damp
caves or under old, wooden bridges. Others live in
dense, overgrown forests and eat slimy, disgusting
food. Monsters can be green, red, or black.
Activity- 2
Describe picture by using adjective
Discussion in the class
Home task
After this, teacher will instruct the students that
they will solve the exercise at home.
• Page 104 and exercise (1 & 2)
• Page 107 and exercise (2 & 3)
Mind your language
• Season 1, episode 1 (The First Lesson).
• Teacher will show episode 1 completely (23
minutes) and discuss with the students the
problems and motivate student that they can
learn English.
English 900 Volume 1
• Unit1, Lesson 1
• Teacher will assign the role to two students to
perform dialogue and solve the activity of
lesson 1.
Home work
• 1. Thomson and Martinet book for reading for
further detail: Reading of noun p. 24, pronoun
p.75 and adjective p.33
• 2. Watch season 1 episode 1 complete because
there will be reflection of students’ idea in
coming class
• 3. Revise and solve English 900, Unit1, lesson1
exercises at home.
THANK YOU