Download PC 70 – Educational Psychology

PC 70 – Educational Psychology
Review questions for exam 3. This list is not exhaustive.
Students can be tested on anything that was discussed in class and from the textbook.
1. All of the following questions reflect a cognitive information processing approach,
except which one?
A) How do children get information into memory, store it, and retrieve it?
B) How can teachers help children improve their memory and study strategies?
C) How do genetic factors influence the age at which a child learns to walk?
D) What are the best strategies for helping children become better problem solvers?
2. Metacognitive strategies are best described as methods to encourage students to:
A) Know about knowing.
B) Read more effectively.
C) Become better listeners.
D) Feel more comfortable working with others.
3. What is an advantage of knowing some skills to a level of automaticity?
A) Lessens the cognitive processing that is required for a task involving those skills.
B) Facilitates the development of schemas and scripts for those skills.
C) Facilitates the meaningful learning of those skills.
D) Increases the cognitive processing that is required for a task involving those skills.
4. Which of the following is not a teaching strategy for helping students pay attention?
A) Encourage students to pay close attention and minimize distractions
B) Use cues or gestures to signal something is important
C) Help students generate their own cue
D) Do not use instructional comments
5. All of the following strategies help children pay attention except which one?
A) Minimize distraction.
B) Use cues to signal that something is important.
C) Use media and technology to vary the pace of the classroom.
D) Present students with lots of information at a time.
6. Chunking is a beneficial strategy for improving memory that involves
A) Processing information and providing examples.
B) Relating new information to personal experience.
C) Using symbols to represent verbal information.
D) Grouping information into higher-order units.
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7. Sensory memory lasts approximately how long?
A) Up to several seconds
B) Up to 60 seconds
C) About 20 minutes
D) A lifetime
8. Short-term or “working” memory is retained for approximately how long?
A) A fraction of a second
B) About 2-8 seconds
C) Up to 12-30 seconds
D) About 20 minutes
9. According to George Miller, students are frequently limited in how much information
they can keep in their memory without external aids. What is the limit?
A) 4 (plus or minus 2) items
B) 7 (plus or minus 2) items
C) 10 (plus or minus 2) items
D) 15 (plus or minus 2) items
10. Semantic memory includes all of the following except which one?
A) Knowledge of the sort learned in school
B) Knowledge in the form of skills that can be performed
C) Knowledge in different fields of expertise
D) Knowledge about the meaning of words and other common things
11. The serial position effect states that recall
A) Is best for items that are positioned in the middle of the list.
B) Is best for items that are positioned at the beginning and the end of the list.
C) Decreases as the length of the list increases.
D) Decreases as complexity of items on the list increases.
12. What is episodic memory?
A) A student's general knowledge about the world.
B) Knowledge in the form of skills and cognitive operations.
C) The retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings.
D) “Everyday” knowledge.
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13. The decay theory states that which of the following circumstances causes individuals to
forget information that has already been stored?
A) Information is misplaced due to a lack of schema.
B) Other information gets in the way.
C) The neurochemical memory trace has disintegrated.
D) Information has been stored in short-term memory rather than long-term.
14. Which of the following scenarios presents the best example of encoding?
A) Sarah remembers her first day of school.
B) Julie is listening to music.
C) Isaac is writing a letter.
D) Jose is practicing the alphabet.
15. Which of the following scenarios best depicts elaboration?
A) Uan memorized a list of spelling words for an upcoming test.
B) Kate and Sue memorized ideas through rote learning for a project they were
planning for class.
C) Taylor practiced writing the alphabet.
D) When his class studied primates, John recalled the monkeys he saw at the zoo
earlier that year.
16. From the perspective of the Atkinson-Shriffin model of memory, why is attention so
important?
A) It gets information into sensory register.
B) It moves information from short-term memory into long-term memory.
C) It moves information from sensory register into long-term memory.
D) It moves information from sensory register into short-term memory.
17. Jacques had trouble learning the formula for calculating the area of a circle, so he is
saying it to herself over and over again while the teacher passes out the geometry test.
Jacques is demonstrating:
A) Storage in the sensory register
B) Elaboration in long-term memory
C) The use of rehearsal.
D) The use of chunking.
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18. Knowledge about how to swim is most likely to be stored in long-term memory as:
A) Declarative knowledge
B) Organization
C) Concept mapping
D) Procedural knowledge
19. All of the following skills are included in Howard Gardner's eight types of intelligence
except which one?
A) Musical skills
B) Spatial skills
C) Scientific skills
D) Interpersonal skills
20. Which of the following individuals proposed that people have a general intelligence (g)
as well as specific types of intelligence (s)?
A) Alfred Binet
B) William Stern
C) Howard Gardner
D) Charles Spearman
21. All of the following skills are included in Howard Gardner's eight types of intelligence
except which one?
A) Mathematical skills
B) Movement skills
C) Imaginative skills
D) Intrapersonal skills
1. Development of which of the following technologies was most important in stimulating
the growth of cognitive psychology?
A) Video cameras
B) Computers
C) Fiber optics
D) Television
2. Identify what the cognitive information processing approaches to learning emphasize.
3. Discuss what the constructivist approaches to describe learning stress.
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4. Differentiate between automaticity and strategy construction.
5. Which researcher proposed the working memory model, which views working memory
as a workbench?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Alan Baddley
C) George Miller
D) Lev Vygotsky
6. Semantic memory includes all of the following except which one?
A) Knowledge of the sort learned in school
B) Knowledge in the form of skills that can be performed
C) Knowledge in different fields of expertise
D) Knowledge about the meaning of words and other common things
7. What is a schema?
8. Describe the influence of the serial position effect on memory.
9. Identify three strategies that will help students encode information.
10. Identify three time frames of memory and the amount of time that information can be
held in each of these types of memory.
11. What is memorization and what three processes need to take place for successful
memorization of information?
12. Differentiate between a schema and a script.
13. Differentiate between the decay theory and the interference theory of forgetting.
14. Compare and contrast a good study system and note-taking strategies.
15. Identify all of the note-taking strategies.
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16. Distinguish among the different characteristics that experts possess versus novices.
17. Deliah is having trouble with her memory. She finds that when she studies for one test
and then later tries to study for another one, the information from the previous test gets
in the way of the information from the present test. What is Deliah experiencing?
18. Mr. Thulin has noticed that most of his students have better memory for the items in a
list that are positioned either at the beginning or at the end of the lists. What best
explains what Mr. Thulin is observing?
19. In a normal distribution of Stanford-Binet IQ scores, approximately two-thirds of the IQ
scores fall within which of the following ranges?
A) Between an IQ of 75 and 85
B) Between an IQ of 85 and 95
C) Between an IQ of 75 and 100
D) Between an IQ of 85 and 115
20. According to William Stern's definition of intelligence quotient (IQ), which of the
following formulas would be used to calculate the IQ of a 7-year-old in second grade
with a mental age of 8?
A) 7/8 x 100
B) 8/7 x 100
C) 7/2 x 100
D) 2/7 x 100
21. Identify what an individual intelligence test is.
22. Recognize what a group intelligence test is.
23. Identify the eight frames of mind as proposed by Howard Gardner.
24. Define the three forms of intelligence as proposed by Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic
Theory.
25. How do the revised Stanford-Binet intelligence tests differ from the original Binet test?
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26. Examine what the nature and benefits are of Project Spectrum.
27. Analyze the nature and nurture debate. What do you believe to be the determinants of
intelligence? Support your answer with evidence and examples.
28. Identify what the impulsive style is.
29. Define what deep style of learning is?
30. Discuss the teaching strategies for helping surface learners think more deeply.
31. Distinguish deep and surface styles.
32. Distinguish between the following dichotomies of learning and thinking styles:
impulsive/reflective, deep/surface.
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