Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
BI 200 - Exam #3 Summer 2002 Name Lab Section. Seat# Disclaimer Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice). You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit, you may receive partial or full credit. Questions are 1 point each unless indicated. Multiple Choice - 2 points each 1. In aerobic respiration, proton extrusion (when protons are translocated outside the cell) forming the proton gradient, H+), a. b. c. d. e. takes place in the TCA cycle occurs each time an ATP is made takes place during electron transport to O2 occurs at each dehydrogenation takes place in glycolysis 2. ATPase enzymes may be found in which of the following types of membranes? a. b. c. d. e. bacterial membranes archaebacterial membranes inner membranes of chloroplasts inner membranes of mitochondria any or all of the above 3. The net result of proton extrusion through the membrane is: a. b. c. d. e. acidification of the cytoplasm acidification of the medium outside the membrane a net formation of OH- inside the membrane energization of the membrane (b), (c), and (d) 4. Cytochrome structure includes all of the following except a. b. c. d. Polypeptide Phytol Iron Tetrapyrole ring structure 5. a. b. c. d. 6. a. b. c. d. (A) Sulfate reducing bacteria use sulfuric as fuel. (B) There is more energy available to Thiobacillus from Fe2+ oxidation than from HS- oxidation. only (A) is true only (B) is true both (A) and (B) are true neither (A) or (B) is true (A) The bacteria which use ammonia (NH3) in chemolithotrophy generally produce nitrogen gas (N2), in a process called denitrification. (B)The bacteria which use nitrate (NO3-) in anaerobic respiration produce nitrogen gas (N2) in a process called denitrification. only (A) is true only (B) is true both (A) and (B) are true neither (A) or (B) is true 7. An organism which uses glucose as carbon and energy source is most properly termed a. b. c. d. e. a photoheterotroph a photoorganotroph a chemolithotroph an chemoautotroph a chemoheterotroph 8. Cyanobacteria use N2 in a(n) ______________ fashion when carrying out N2-fixation, while denitrifying bacteria use nitric acid in _____________ when they produce a reduced waste product. a. b. c. d. 9. a. b. c. d. assimilative; a dissimilative fashion dissimilative; a dissimilative fashion dissimilative; both assimilation and dissimilation assimilative; no manner. (A) Methanogens are important in the break-down of organic materials in compost, sewage, sediments, landfills, etc. (B) Methanogens are eukaryotes. only (A) is true only (B) is true both (A) and (B) are true neither (A) or (B) is true 10. Anaerobic respiratory bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory organisms a. b. c. d. in their substrate oxidizing pathways in their electron transport chains because they don’t form proton gradients because they don’t contain the enzyme ATPase 11. Cofactor F420 occurs in a. b. c. d. fermentative yeast fluorescent methanogens denitrifying bacteria iron-oxidizing bacteria 12. Litohtrophic bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory organisms a. b. c. d. in their substrate oxidizing pathways in their electron transport chains because they don’t form proton gradients because they don’t contain the enzyme ATPase 13. The following carry out the detrimental activity where nitrate is depleted from soil a. b. c. d. denitrifying bacteria nitrogen-fixing bacteria nitrifying bacteria enteric bacteria 14. Which of the following organisms is a photosynthetic archaea? a. b. c. d. Oscillatoria Chromatium Euglena Halobacterium 15. Which of the following phototrophs make ATP via ATPase? a. b. c. d. e. Archaea Anoxygenic Oxygenic All of the above None of the above 16. Which pigment is associated with archaean photosynthesis? a. b. c. d. Bacteriorhodopsin Chlorophyll Carotenoid Phycobillins 17. The external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in purple and green non-sulfur bacteria is typically a. b. c. d. H2O H2SO4 H2 H2S 18. Anoxygenic photosynthesis is also known as a. b. c. d. Cyclic photosynthesis Non-cyclic photosynthesis Photosystem I Gametogenesis 18. The external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in cyanobacteria, plants, and algae is a. b. c. d. H2O H2SO4 H2 H2S 19. The highly folded inner membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are called a. b. c. d. thyllakoid membranes stroma the matrix lamellae 20. Cyanobacteria form what differentiated cell type to carry out nitrogen fixation a. b. c. d. spores heterocysts stromatolites carboxysomes 21. Which of the following types of photosynthetic microbes carries out oxygenic photosynthesis? a. b. c. d. cyanobacteria - Anabena archaebacteria - Halobacterium nonsulfur purple bacteria - Rhodopseudomonas green sulfur bacteria - Chlorobium 22. Which of the following are traits of the bacteriochlorophyll molecule? a. b. c. d. A protein; Contains Iron; Soluble Contains Magnesium; Membrane bound, has phytol side-chain A protein; Contains Magnesium; Does not absorb green light Contains Iron; Absorbs Infra Red light; soluble 23. Genes that would be most likely found on a plasmid would be: a. b. c. d. Glycolysis genes. Ribosomal genes. tra genes for conjugation (transfer of plasmids). Genes for the synthesis of the essential amino acids. 24. a. b. c. d. only (A) is true only (B) is true both (A) and (B) are true neither (A) or (B) is true 25 a. b. c. d. (A) Prokaryotic genes are grouped in operons that produce polycistronic mRNA. (B) Eukaryotic genes contain non-coding regions called exons. A. Insertion sequences are also known as jumping genes. B. Prokaryotic chromosomes contain highly repetitive satellite DNA. only (A) is true only (B) is true both (A) and (B) are true neither (A) or (B) is true 26. The correct order of size of the following genetic elements is: a. b. c. d. Gene>Insertion sequence> Bacterial Chromosome>Operon Bacterial Chromosome> Insertion sequence> Gene>Operon Bacterial Chromosome> Operon > Gene> Insertion sequence Insertion sequence>Gene> Operon >Bacterial Chromosome Matching. Place the name of one of the microbes on the right that fits the description on the left. You may use a name more than once, but place only one answer in each – no multiple guesses. 2 points each. 27. _____________________________ Any Eukaryote 28. _____________________________ Any Archea 29. _____________________________ Any fermentative organism that produces ethanol 30. _____________________________ Any obligate aerobe 31. _____________________________ Any anaerobic respiratory bacterium 32. _____________________________ Reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron 33. _____________________________ Reduces nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-) 34. _____________________________ Any lithotroph 35. _____________________________ Any organism that uses H2 as fuel 36. _____________________________ Sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that grows at pH 2 37. _____________________________ Oxidizes ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) 38. _____________________________ Any phototrophic microorganism 39. _____________________________ Any cyanobacterium 40. _____________________________ Any Purple Non-Sulfur Anoxygenic phototroph Alcalignenes Anabaena Aquifex Beggiatoa Chlorobium Chloroflexus Chromatium Clostridium Desulfovibrio Escherichia Gallionella Geobacter Halobacterium Hydrogenobacter Lactobacillus Leptothrix Methanosarcina Nitrobacter Nitrosomonas Oscillatoria Paracoccus Pseudomonas Rhodospirillum Saccharomyces Shewanella Spirogyra Streptococcus Sulfolobus Thiobacillus Volvox Zymomonas 41. Short answer (10 points). Answer the following questions about genetic elements. a. How many different chromosomes does a bacterium normally have? b. How many copies are present, one, two, or more? c. Is the DNA single stranded or double stranded? d. Are bacterial chromosomes linear or circular? e. How many base pairs in a typical plasmid? f. Are plasmids normally linear or circular? g. Does satellite DNA occur in eukaryotic or prokaryotic chromosomes? h. Does satellite DNA occur within genes or between genes? i. Do introns occur in eukaryotic or prokaryotic chromosomes? j. Do introns occur within genes or between genes? 42. Match the enzyme of DNA structural feature on the right with the description or item requested on the left. There are more choices than items to consider, but there is only one correct answer for each. 1 point each _____ The enzyme responsible for DNA replication _____ The size of the prokaryotic ribosome _____ Has 2 α and 2 β subunits _____ The ribosomal RNA molecule used for studying evolution in bacteria _____ The RNA polymerase sub unit responsible for recognizing the beginning of the operon _____ Introduces supercoils in bacterial chromosomes by making double strand breaks _____ Removes supercoils by breaking a single strand _____ Describes the fact that the strands of DNA run in opposite diections _____ The bases used in RNA _____ The part of deoxyribose to which the next nucleotide is added. A. 16S rRNA B. 2’ oxygen C. 23S rRNA D. 3’ hydroxyl E. 5’ phosphate F. 5S rRNA G. 70S Ribosome H. 80S Ribosome I. Anti-parallel J. Core enzyme K. DNA Polymerase L. G, C, A, T M. G, C, A, U N. Gyrase O. RNA Polymerase P. Sigma factor Q. Topoisomerase I