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BI 200 - Exam #3
Summer 2002
Name
Lab Section. Seat#
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit. Questions are 1 point each unless indicated.
Multiple Choice - 2 points each
1. In aerobic respiration, proton extrusion (when protons are translocated outside the
cell) forming the proton gradient, H+),
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
takes place in the TCA cycle
occurs each time an ATP is made
takes place during electron transport to O2
occurs at each dehydrogenation
takes place in glycolysis
2. ATPase enzymes may be found in which of the following types of membranes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
bacterial membranes
archaebacterial membranes
inner membranes of chloroplasts
inner membranes of mitochondria
any or all of the above
3. The net result of proton extrusion through the membrane is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
acidification of the cytoplasm
acidification of the medium outside the membrane
a net formation of OH- inside the membrane
energization of the membrane
(b), (c), and (d)
4. Cytochrome structure includes all of the following except
a.
b.
c.
d.
Polypeptide
Phytol
Iron
Tetrapyrole ring structure
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
(A) Sulfate reducing bacteria use sulfuric as fuel.
(B) There is more energy available to Thiobacillus from Fe2+ oxidation than from
HS- oxidation.
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) or (B) is true
(A) The bacteria which use ammonia (NH3) in chemolithotrophy generally
produce nitrogen gas (N2), in a process called denitrification.
(B)The bacteria which use nitrate (NO3-) in anaerobic respiration produce
nitrogen gas (N2) in a process called denitrification.
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) or (B) is true
7. An organism which uses glucose as carbon and energy source is most properly termed
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a photoheterotroph
a photoorganotroph
a chemolithotroph
an chemoautotroph
a chemoheterotroph
8. Cyanobacteria use N2 in a(n) ______________ fashion when carrying out N2-fixation,
while denitrifying bacteria use nitric acid in _____________ when they produce a
reduced waste product.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
assimilative; a dissimilative fashion
dissimilative; a dissimilative fashion
dissimilative; both assimilation and dissimilation
assimilative; no manner.
(A) Methanogens are important in the break-down of organic materials in
compost, sewage, sediments, landfills, etc.
(B) Methanogens are eukaryotes.
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) or (B) is true
10. Anaerobic respiratory bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory
organisms
a.
b.
c.
d.
in their substrate oxidizing pathways
in their electron transport chains
because they don’t form proton gradients
because they don’t contain the enzyme ATPase
11. Cofactor F420 occurs in
a.
b.
c.
d.
fermentative yeast
fluorescent methanogens
denitrifying bacteria
iron-oxidizing bacteria
12. Litohtrophic bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory organisms
a.
b.
c.
d.
in their substrate oxidizing pathways
in their electron transport chains
because they don’t form proton gradients
because they don’t contain the enzyme ATPase
13. The following carry out the detrimental activity where nitrate is depleted from soil
a.
b.
c.
d.
denitrifying bacteria
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
nitrifying bacteria
enteric bacteria
14. Which of the following organisms is a photosynthetic archaea?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oscillatoria
Chromatium
Euglena
Halobacterium
15. Which of the following phototrophs make ATP via ATPase?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Archaea
Anoxygenic
Oxygenic
All of the above
None of the above
16. Which pigment is associated with archaean photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bacteriorhodopsin
Chlorophyll
Carotenoid
Phycobillins
17. The external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in purple and
green non-sulfur bacteria is typically
a.
b.
c.
d.
H2O
H2SO4
H2
H2S
18. Anoxygenic photosynthesis is also known as
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cyclic photosynthesis
Non-cyclic photosynthesis
Photosystem I
Gametogenesis
18. The external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in cyanobacteria,
plants, and algae is
a.
b.
c.
d.
H2O
H2SO4
H2
H2S
19. The highly folded inner membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are called
a.
b.
c.
d.
thyllakoid membranes
stroma
the matrix
lamellae
20. Cyanobacteria form what differentiated cell type to carry out nitrogen fixation
a.
b.
c.
d.
spores
heterocysts
stromatolites
carboxysomes
21. Which of the following types of photosynthetic microbes carries out oxygenic
photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
cyanobacteria - Anabena
archaebacteria - Halobacterium
nonsulfur purple bacteria - Rhodopseudomonas
green sulfur bacteria - Chlorobium
22. Which of the following are traits of the bacteriochlorophyll molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A protein; Contains Iron; Soluble
Contains Magnesium; Membrane bound, has phytol side-chain
A protein; Contains Magnesium; Does not absorb green light
Contains Iron; Absorbs Infra Red light; soluble
23. Genes that would be most likely found on a plasmid would be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Glycolysis genes.
Ribosomal genes.
tra genes for conjugation (transfer of plasmids).
Genes for the synthesis of the essential amino acids.
24.
a.
b.
c.
d.
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) or (B) is true
25
a.
b.
c.
d.
(A) Prokaryotic genes are grouped in operons that produce polycistronic mRNA.
(B) Eukaryotic genes contain non-coding regions called exons.
A. Insertion sequences are also known as jumping genes.
B. Prokaryotic chromosomes contain highly repetitive satellite DNA.
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) or (B) is true
26. The correct order of size of the following genetic elements is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Gene>Insertion sequence> Bacterial Chromosome>Operon
Bacterial Chromosome> Insertion sequence> Gene>Operon
Bacterial Chromosome> Operon > Gene> Insertion sequence
Insertion sequence>Gene> Operon >Bacterial Chromosome
Matching. Place the name of one of the microbes on the
right that fits the description on the left. You may use a
name more than once, but place only one answer in each
– no multiple guesses. 2 points each.
27. _____________________________
Any Eukaryote
28. _____________________________
Any Archea
29. _____________________________
Any fermentative organism that produces ethanol
30. _____________________________
Any obligate aerobe
31. _____________________________
Any anaerobic respiratory bacterium
32. _____________________________
Reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron
33. _____________________________
Reduces nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-)
34. _____________________________
Any lithotroph
35. _____________________________
Any organism that uses H2 as fuel
36. _____________________________
Sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that grows at pH 2
37. _____________________________
Oxidizes ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-)
38. _____________________________
Any phototrophic microorganism
39. _____________________________
Any cyanobacterium
40. _____________________________
Any Purple Non-Sulfur Anoxygenic phototroph
Alcalignenes
Anabaena
Aquifex
Beggiatoa
Chlorobium
Chloroflexus
Chromatium
Clostridium
Desulfovibrio
Escherichia
Gallionella
Geobacter
Halobacterium
Hydrogenobacter
Lactobacillus
Leptothrix
Methanosarcina
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Oscillatoria
Paracoccus
Pseudomonas
Rhodospirillum
Saccharomyces
Shewanella
Spirogyra
Streptococcus
Sulfolobus
Thiobacillus
Volvox
Zymomonas
41. Short answer (10 points). Answer the following questions about genetic elements.
a. How many different chromosomes does a bacterium normally have?
b. How many copies are present, one, two, or more?
c. Is the DNA single stranded or double stranded?
d. Are bacterial chromosomes linear or circular?
e. How many base pairs in a typical plasmid?
f. Are plasmids normally linear or circular?
g. Does satellite DNA occur in eukaryotic or prokaryotic chromosomes?
h. Does satellite DNA occur within genes or between genes?
i. Do introns occur in eukaryotic or prokaryotic chromosomes?
j. Do introns occur within genes or between genes?
42. Match the enzyme of DNA structural feature on the
right with the description or item requested on the left.
There are more choices than items to consider, but there
is only one correct answer for each. 1 point each
_____ The enzyme responsible for DNA replication
_____ The size of the prokaryotic ribosome
_____ Has 2 α and 2 β subunits
_____ The ribosomal RNA molecule used for studying
evolution in bacteria
_____ The RNA polymerase sub unit responsible for
recognizing the beginning of the operon
_____ Introduces supercoils in bacterial chromosomes
by making double strand breaks
_____ Removes supercoils by breaking a single strand
_____ Describes the fact that the strands of DNA run in
opposite diections
_____ The bases used in RNA
_____ The part of deoxyribose to which the next
nucleotide is added.
A. 16S rRNA
B. 2’ oxygen
C. 23S rRNA
D. 3’ hydroxyl
E. 5’ phosphate
F. 5S rRNA
G. 70S Ribosome
H. 80S Ribosome
I. Anti-parallel
J. Core enzyme
K. DNA Polymerase
L. G, C, A, T
M. G, C, A, U
N. Gyrase
O. RNA Polymerase
P. Sigma factor
Q. Topoisomerase I