Download File

Plate Tectonics Study Guide (including earthquakes and volcanoes)
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
The theory that Earth’s crust is broken into large pieces
that move and interact
What was Pangea?
What is the layer of the Earth that the plates move on?
What does the theory of continental drift state?
Who came up the Continental Drift theory?
Alfred Wegener
Where are volcanoes likely to form?
Above subduction zones because of the ocean crust being
pushed down and eventually melting. This melted magma
finds its way up through fissures (cracks) in the Earth’s
surface.
Where do convection currents take place?
Convection currents within the mantle drive plates to
move in different directions. The convection currents are
driven by the internal heat engine of the core. As the
mantle is heated, the hot less dense liquid rises and the
cool more dense liquid sinks creating movement within the
mantle.
What role do convection currents play in plate
tectonics?
Why does sea-floor spreading occur
What are 3 pieces of evidence for Seafloor spreading?
1. __________________ - found rocks shaped like
pillows, giving evidence of quickly hardened molten material
2. ________________ reversals (stripes) - shows a
change in the Earth’s magnetic poles
3. __________________ (the further away from the
ridge a sample was taken, the older the rock was)
What is paleomagnetism?
The study of Earth’s magnetic field
What is the main factor that determines what type of
collision occurs between 2 tectonic plates?
DENSITY!! (Ex. A pound of Lead is denser than a pound of
cotton)
Why do oceanic plates always subduct under the
continental plates?
Because ocean plates are ______________________
What is the evidence that supports continental drift?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Scientists use earthquake waves to map the structure of
the inside of the earth. Different waves act differently as
they travel through different layers of the earth
Scientists know that the outer core is liquid because Swaves do not travel through ______________
How do scientists know the inside of the earth is made
up of layers?
Identify:
1. Type of plate boundary
2. Direction of movement
3. Explain what land feature
has been created.
1.
2.
3.
Identify:
1. Type of plate boundary
2. Direction of movement
3. Explain what land feature has
been created
1.
2. Plates are moving apart
3. Mid-ocean ridge has been formed
Identify:
1. Type of plate boundary
2. Direction of movement
3. Explain what land feature
has been created
1.
Identify:
1. Type of plate boundary
2. Direction of movement
1.
Explain what land feature
has been created
Identify:
1. Type of plate boundary
2. Direction of movement
3. A t____________ and ________________
(under water volcano) have formed.
2. Plates are _________________
3. A ___________ and ___________ have formed
__________________ oceanic to oceanic plates
2. Plates are ______________
1.
2. Sliding ___________ each other
3. Explain what happens at
this boundary.
1.
________________ - oceanic to continental plate
3.
Identify the type of fault.
________________ are common.
1.
2. Identify the type of stress
associated with this type of
fault
2.
Stress =
3. ________________ plate boundaries may cause
normal faults (tension).
3. Identify type of boundary that may cause this type
of fault.
2
1.
Identify the type of fault.
1.
2. Identify the type of stress
associated with this type of
fault
2. Stress = _______________
3. ________________ plate boundaries may cause
3. Identify type of boundary that
may cause this type of fault.
1.
reverse faults (compression).
Identify the type of fault.
1.
2. Identify the type of stress
associated with this type of fault
2. Stress =
3. Identify type of boundary that may
cause this type of fault.
3. _______________ plate boundaries may cause strikeslip faults (shearing).
What is an earthquake?
Where do most earthquakes occur?
Along all three types of plate boundaries (convergent,
divergent, transform)
What is the focus of an earthquake?
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
What is a seismic wave?
A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the
_______________ released during an ______________
What do seismographs measure?
Records ground movements
Where does most of the damage from an earthquake
occur?
Near the ____________________
What is a volcano?
A weak spot in the crust where ___________ has come to
the ____________
Which type of plate boundary does not typically include
volcanoes?
What is a hot spot?
An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts
through the crust above it
How did the Hawaiian Islands form?
Lava erupted from the hot spot and built a ____________
island. The plate _______________ slowly and carried
the island __________ from the hot spot. Another
volcanic __________ formed and was carried away
What is an island arc?
Chain of volcanic islands that forms because of
_____________________ at a _____________
boundary between two ____________ plates
3
Describe a P-Wave
 Primary Wave (Compression Wave)
 Travels phastest so it arrives at a seismic stations
phirst
 Push-pull wave: rock vibrates forward and backward in
the same direction that the wave travels
 Pass through solids, liquids (magma), and gasses
Describe a S-Wave
 Secondary Wave- arrives at a seismic station second.
 Slow wave- not as fast as the P-wave.
 Shear Wave- vibrates _ (right angles)
 Solids wave- only travels through Solids.
Fill in the chart.
Primary
Secondary
Surface Waves
(P-waves)
(S-waves)
(L-waves)
Travel through solids
Travel through liquids
Fastest waves
Slowest waves
Cause most damage
Here’s some websites for practice
(also linked to www.mrsclinescience.weebly.com)
Notebook pages used for this unit: pg 15-49
Layers and Formation of Earth: p. 19-23
Earth’s Magnetic Field: p.24
Seismic Waves: p. 25, 26, 28, 47, 48
Convection Currents: 27
Heat Transfer: 29
Rock Cycle: 30-33
Continental Drift/Seafloor Spreading
Theories: 35-37
Plate Tectonics: p. 38-39, 42, 44
Volcano/Hot Spots/Hot Springs/Geysers:
41, 43, 45
Earthquakes/seismic waves: 46-49
http://www.quia.com/quiz/2017129.html (plate
tectonics)
http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php?qi=278n
(plate tectonics)
http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php?qi=274
(earthquakes)
Flashcards:
http://quizlet.com/31123017/plate-tectonicsflash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/31122674/earthquakesflash-cards/
4