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Portland Community College, Sylvania Campus BI 232 Lab Supplemental Package PCC-Sylvania BI 232 Laboratory Supplement 1. Upon entering the laboratory, please locate the exits, fire extinguisher, eyewash station, and clean up materials for chemical spills. Your instructor will demonstrate the location of fire blanket, safety kit, and showers. 2. Read the general laboratory directions and any objectives before coming to lab. 3. Food and drink, including water, are prohibited in laboratory. This is per Federal laboratory guidelines and per College Safety Policy. Do not chew gum, use tobacco products of any kind, store food or apply cosmetics in the laboratory. No drink containers of any kind may be on the benches. 4. Please keep all personal materials off the working area. Store backpacks and purses at the rear of the laboratory, not beside or under benches. Some laboratory spaces have shelving in rear for this purpose. 5. For your safety, please restrain long hair, loose fitting clothing and dangling jewelry. Hair ties are available, ask your instructor. Hats and bare midriffs are not acceptable in the laboratory. Shoes, not sandals, must be worn at all times in laboratory. You may wear a laboratory apron or lab coat if you desire, but it is not required. 6. We do not wish to invade your privacy, but for your safety if you are pregnant, taking immunosuppressive drugs or who have any other medical conditions (e.g. diabetes, immunological defect) that might necessitate special precautions in the laboratory must inform the instructor immediately. If you know you have an allergy to latex or chemicals, please inform instructor. 7. Decontaminate work surfaces at the beginning of every lab period using Amphyl solution. Decontaminate bench following any practical quiz, when given, and after labs involving the dissection of preserved material. 8. Use safety goggles in all experiments in which solutions or chemicals are heated or when instructed to do so. Never leave heat sources unattended: hot plates or Bunsen burners. 9. Wear disposable gloves when handling blood and other body fluids or when touching items or surfaces soiled with blood or other body fluids such as saliva and urine. (NOTE: cover open cuts or scrapes with a sterile bandage before donning gloves.) Wash your hands immediately after removing gloves. 10. Keep all liquids away from the edge of the lab bench to avoid spills. Immediately notify your instructor of any spills. Keep test tubes in racks provided, except when necessary to transfer to water baths or hot plate. You will be advised of the proper clean-up procedures for any spill. 11. Report all chemical or liquid spills and all accidents, such as cuts or burns, no matter how minor, to the instructor immediately. 12. Use mechanical pipetting devices only. Mouth pipetting is prohibited. Students who do not comply with these safety guidelines will be excluded from the Laboratory Safe Disposal of Contaminated Materials Place disposable materials such as gloves, mouth pieces, swabs, toothpicks and paper towels that have come into contact with blood or other body fluids into a disposable Autoclave bag for decontamination by autoclaving. This bucket is not for general trash. Place glassware contaminated with blood and other body fluids directly into a labeled bucket of 10% bleach solution. ONLY glass or plastic-ware is to be placed in this bucket, not trash. Sharp’s container is for used lancets only. It is bright red. When using disposable lancets do not replace their covers. 1. Properly label glassware and slides, using china markers provided. 2. Wear disposable gloves when handling blood and other body fluids or when touching items or surfaces soiled with blood or other body fluids such as saliva and urine. (NOTE: cover open cuts or scrapes with a sterile bandage before donning gloves.) Wash your hands immediately after removing gloves. 3. Wear disposable gloves when handling or dissecting specimens fixed with formaldehyde or stored in Carosafe/Wardsafe. 4. Wear disposable gloves when handling chemicals denoted as hazardous or carcinogenic by your instructor. Read labels on dropper bottles provided for an experiment, they will indicate the need for gloves or goggles, etc. Upon request, detailed written information is available on every chemical used (MSDS). Ask your instructor. 5. No pen or pencil is to be used at any time on any model or bone. The bones are fragile, hard to replace and used by hundreds of students every year. To protect them and keep them in the best condition, please use pipe cleaners and probes provided instead of a writing instrument. a. Probes may be used on models as well. The bones are very difficult and costly to replace, as are the models and may take a long time to replace. 6. At the end of an experiment: a. Clean glassware and place where designated. Remove china marker labels at this time. b. Return solutions & chemicals to designated area. Do not put solutions or chemicals in cupboards! 7. You cannot work alone or unsupervised in the laboratory. 8. Microscopes should be cleaned before returning to numbered cabinet. Be sure objectives are clean, use lens paper. Place objectives into storage position, and return to the storage cabinet. Be sure cord has been coiled and restrained. Your instructor may require microscope be checked before you put it away. Be sure it is in assigned cupboard. 9. Please replace your prepared slides into the box from which they came (slides and boxes are numbered), so students using them after you will be able to find the same slide. Before placing slides in box, clean it with Kimwipes if it is dirty or covered with oil. If you break a slide, please, inform you instructor so the slide can be replaced. Please be aware that there is hundreds of dollars worth of slides in each box and handle the boxes with care when carrying to and from your workbench. 10. Be sure all paper towels used in cleaning lab benches and washing hands are disposed of in trash container provided. Students who do not comply with these safety guidelines and directions will be excluded from the Laboratory Please Read You are beginning a very intense laboratory course. Before you come to class you will want to review what the study focus is for that day’s lab. This is important because you will be liable (tested) for the information listed in your study guide and manual. There are lists of terms that you are required to know, as well as tables and diagrams. These are testable as well. If there are slides listed in the study guide then you are also liable to identify these structures under the microscope on quizzes or on practicals. There will also be various models that are available in the classroom which will be used in the tests. It is up to the student to identify the structures on these models. Remember, majority of your practicals will be on these models. Please do not think that you will be able to look at the pictures in the book and do well on quizzes and practicals. YOU NEED TO SPEND TIME WITH THE MODELS! Some labs will have exercises that are required. Please make sure that you understand what was learned in these exercises because these are also fair game to be used for questions in the tests. Each lab will start with a 10 point quiz. You are required to be in attendance at the beginning of each lab. You will receive a zero on the quiz if you miss it. There will not be quizzes on the weeks we have a practical or the week after a practical. If you stay in lab only long enough to take the quiz and then leave soon after the lab will be counted as a missed lab. Spelling can account for up to 10% off of your grade so please be careful. Also be aware of singular and plural usage because these mistakes will count as spelling errors. Absences: You cannot miss more than two labs and still pass the course. Also you can only attend another instructor’s class once during the quarter. This must be approved by both instructors. If you attend another instructor’s lab without permission your quiz will be automatically thrown out. There are review sheets at the end of each exercise that we recommend that you do. You will not receive credit for these pages but they will help you study the material and prepare for the tests. Any material found in the lab manual can be used for the extra credit questions. If you have any questions please contact Marilyn Thomas, Lab Coordinator ([email protected]) Thank you! BI 232 Laboratory: Week 1 Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, Reflexes Ex 13. Histology of Nervous Tissue (page 259-262) Ex 15. The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Ex 16. Human Reflex Physiology ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: spinal cord histology, spinal nerves, reflex physiology Lab resources: Cross-section models of C7 with spinal cord, several flat models with spinal cord and spinal nerves/plexuses, vertebral column with spinal cord and spinal nerves, large and smaller arm and leg models, full-body muscle models, slide boxes, microscopes,…. Reflex hammers, calipers Slides available: Multipolar neuron, spinal cord, nerve osmium stain (cs & ls), nerve Masson ( c.s & l.s.) Lab activities: 15.3 Two-point discrimination test 16.4 and 16.5 Reflexes List of spinal nerves that will be tested on arm models, leg models, and flat models (Fig. 15.1) Phrenic nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Axillary nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve Femoral nerve Sciatic nerve Terms to know: Chapter 13 Posterior horn Anterior horn Lateral horns Gray commissure Central canal Funiculi (singular=funiculus) Posterior (dorsal) white column Anterior (ventral) white column Lateral white column Anterior median fissure Posterior median sulcus Ascending tracts Descending tracts Lower motor neurons Upper motor neurons Ventral root Dorsal root Dorsal root ganglion Epineurium Nerve bundles (nerve fascicles) Perineurium Endoneurium Saltatory propagation Chapter 15 (know Table 15.1) Conus medullaris Vertebral canal Vertebral foramen (foramina) Cervical and lumbar enlargements Spinal nerves Intervertebral foramen (foramina) Mixed nerves Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater Subarachnoid space Epidural space Filum terminale Denticulate ligaments Cauda equine Sympathetic (autonomic) ganglion Dorsal rami Ventral rami Rami communicantes Plexus Intercostal nerves Ascending and descending pathways Primary sensory area Sensory homunculus Primary motor area Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons Dermatomes Chapter 16 (know tables 16.1 & 16.2) Primary motor area Motor homunculus Reflex Reflex arc (know the 5 elements) Stretch reflexes Muscle spindles Deep tendon reflex Withdrawal reflex Crossed extensor reflex Biceps reflex Patellar reflex Achilles reflex Babinski (plantar) reflex BI 232 Laboratory: Week 2 Quiz 1 (material from previous week) The Brain Ex 14. The Brain – Part I ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: The brain pages 269-285 Lab resources: Various brain models, sheep brains for dissection and testing, sheep brains and human brains in resin and formaldehyde (please leave latter on instructor bench), models for the ventricles of the brain, dissectable full head models w/removable brains Lab activities: Dissection of sheep brain be able to ID structures in fig 14.8 sections a & b, fig 14.8 all Terms to know: Table 14.1 Major structures of human brain, Figures 14.7, 14.9 (All) Cerebral hemispheres Corpus callosum Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes Insula Cerebral cortex Gyri (singular=gyrus) Sulcus Fissure White matter Association fibers Commissural fibers Projection fibers Basal nuclei Pituitary gland Infundibulum Cerebellar cortex Cerebellar nuclei Cerebellar peduncles Optic nerves Optic chiasm Subarachnoid space Longitudinal fissure Central sulcus Parieto-occipital sulcus Lateral fissure (sulcus) Transverse fissure Olfactory bulbs Olfactory nerves Olfactory tracts Cingulate gyrus Limbic system Septum pellucidum Mamillary body Fornix Hippocampus Arbor vitae Ependymal cells Choroid plexuses Arachnoid granulations (arachnoid villi) Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Cranial Nerves ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: Cranial nerves and cranial nerve tests Lab resources: Brain models and sheep brains Lab activities: 14.7 14.8 14.9 Terms to know: Be able to identify cranial nerves and foramina on both models and pictures Figure 14.14 (All) Table 14.6 (All) Table 14.8 be able to answer questions concerning testing of cranial nerves BI 232 Laboratory: Week 3 Quiz 2 (material from previous week) Olfaction, Taste, Vision Ex 17. Special Senses (pages 319-337) ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: identify structures of the special senses and know how these senses are tested Lab resources: Eye models, sheep eyes for dissection, flat sagittal head models, dissectable full head models, PTC paper, slide boxes, microscopes Astigmatism chart, Snellen eye chart, color charts, flashlight, opthalmoscope, Slides available: mammal eye, monkey eye, Tongue: circumvallate papilla, fungiform papilla, filiform papilla Lab activities: 17.1 A, skip B 17.2 17.3 and 17.4 (skip C) 17.5 and 17.6 Terms to know: General senses Somatic sensations Visceral sensations Specials senses Olfaction Gustation Vision Hearing Equilibrium Olfactory epithelium Olfactory receptor cells Supporting cells Basal cells Superior nasal concha Cribriform plate Perpendicular plate Olfactory foramina Olfactory area in temporal lobe Cilia Olfactory glands Papillae (singular=papilla) Fungiform, filiform and circumvallate papillae Taste buds Taste pore Gustatory cells Basal cells Taste hairs Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Gustatory nucleus Thalamus Primary gustatory cortex Five primary taste sensations Oral cavity Pharynx Soft palate Epiglottis Eye Structures ( Fig. 17.6 & 17.7 & 17.9) Nervous layer Melanocytes Melanin Photoreceptor cells Lateral geniculate bodies Superior colliculi Optic radiations Visual cortex Tarsal (meibomian) glands Nasolacrimal duct Extrinsic eye muscles (Fig 11.4) all Choroid Suspensory ligaments Lens Optic disc Blind spot Macula lutea Fovea centralis Posterior cavity Vitreous humor Anterior cavity Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Aqueous humor Binocular vision Presbyopia Near-point accommodation Emmetropia Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Color blindness BI 232 Laboratory: Week 4 Quiz 3 (material from previous week) Hearing and Equilibrium Ex 17 – Part II. The ear (pages 337-344) Review for Lab Practical I Lab Resources: ear models, ear ossicles in resin, microscopes, slide boxes, tuning forks, otoscopes Slides available: Cochlea Lab Activities: Activities 17.7 & 17.8 Ear Structures All structures in fig 17.16 & 17.17 Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) Labyrinth Bony labyrinth Membranous labyrinth Perilymph Endolymph Vestibule Utricle Saccule Maculae (singular=macula) Static equilibrium Semicircular canals Cristae within ampullae (cristae ampullaris) Dynamic equilibrium Cochlea Organ of Corti Stereocilia Kinocilium Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibular division Vestibular ganglia Vestibular nuclei Cerebellum Cerebral cortex Thalamus Inferior colliculi Medial geniculate bodies Auditory areas in the temporal lobes Auricle (pinna) External acoustic meatus Helix Earlobe Tympanic membrane Auditory canal Ceruminous (wax) glands Cerumen Cochlear duct Vestibular duct Tympanic duct Vestibular membrane Basilar membrane Spiral ganglion Tectorial membrane Conductive deafness Sensorineural deafness Rinne test Lab Practical I will be next week (week 5)! The practical will cover all the material covered in the package for the last 4 weeks of lab Terms to know, labeled figures, tables, any additional info outlined in the package Models Images Microscopes (images will also be provided for histology questions) 75 questions (timed) One bonus question – 2 points credit Also this week: Instructors will determine 4 student volunteers who will be testing their blood glucose levels in week 6! BI 232 Laboratory: Week 6 No quiz this week! Endocrinology Ex 18. The Endocrine System ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: Bold-faced terms on pages 349-363 of lab manual, Exercise 18 review sheet Lab resources: Flat endocrine models, dissectable full-head models, dissectable torso models, slide boxes and microscopes Glucometers, sharps and biohazard containers, sterilized cotton balls, band-aids, alcohol wipes, lancets Slides available: Thyroid gland, adrenal, pancreas, hypophysis, ovary, testis Please note: This week, some students will deal with blood which may contain infectious organisms! Please read the lab safety instructions provided on your lab benches before you start your lab activities today!!! Lab activities: All activities outlined in the lab manual Glucometer testing with 4 volunteers Terms to know: Terms that must be identified in histology are marked with an * and if they can be seen in both gross and histological preparations they will be marked with a **. Figure 18.1 (know all) Table 18.1 (know all) Table 18.2 (know all) Endocrine system Endocrine glands Hormones Target cells Exocrine glands Neuroendocrine effect Releasing hormones Inhibiting hormones Infundibulum Sella turcica Trachea Thyroid cartilage Thyroid gland** Isthmus of the thyroid Thyroxine (T4) Tri-iodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin Thyroid follicles* Follicle cavity* Follicle cells* Colloid* Thyroglobulin Parafollicular (C cells)* Parathyroid glands** Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Principal (chief) cells* Oxyphil cells* (may be difficult to find) Thorax Mediastinum Heart Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) Thymus Thymosins Abdominopelvic cavity Pancreas* Head, body, tail Pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)* Alpha cells Glucagon Beta cells Insulin Delta cells Somatostatin F cells Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) Pancreatic acini* Suprarenal/Adrenal glands** Suprarenal medulla** Epinephrine (E) Norepenephrine (NE) Medullary vein(s)* Suprarenal cortex* Zona glomerulosa* Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone Zona fasciculata* Glucocorticoids Cortisol Glucose-sparing effect Zona reticularis* Androgens Kidneys Calcitriol Erythropoietin (EPO) Testes** Tunica albuginea* Lobules* Seminiferous tubules* Spermatogenic cells* Androgens Testosterone Ovaries** Cortex** Oocyte* Medulla** Estrogens Review universal precaution (Blood lab, next section) OR-OSHA Blood-borne Pathogens Standard 1. Blood-borne Pathogens include: HIV, Hepatitis B & C Viruses, etc. 2. Universal Precautions a. Fluids: all human blood and other body fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, CSF, saliva, & any fluid contaminated with blood should be considered sources of blood-borne pathogens. b. Approach: treat all of the above fluids as if they contain blood-borne pathogens 3. Protective Equipment: When to Use: When known occupational exposure will occur, employer (or school) needs to provide a. Disposable, single-use gloves. Hypoallergenic, powderless or liners required to be supplied for those with allergies to powdered gloves. b. Masks, Eye Protection, and Face shields: wear when splashes, spray, etc. may be generated & risk of eye, nose, or mouth contamination anticipated. c. First Aid Pocket Masks: used with CPR 4. Housekeeping a. Contaminated work surfaces: decontaminate with appropriate disinfectant: 1/4 cup household bleach per 1/2 gallon water b. Contaminated laundry: bagged, transported with labels color coded in compliance with OSHA standards. All lancets should be disposed of in the “sharps” containers. All other materials that have contacted blood should be autoclaved. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test 4 volunteers needed to drink soda and check their glucose levels at intervals: 2 students that have been fasting for 10-16 hours (except for water) 2 students that have not been fasting Directions: 1. Measure glucose level (follow instructor’s directions) 2. Drink one can of soda 3. Check glucose level at intervals 4. Fill in the chart below Student 1 (Fasting) Student 2 (Fasting) Student 3 (Not fasting) Student 4 (Not fasting) Initial reading 30 minutes after drinking soda 1 hour after drinking soda 2 hours after drinking soda 1. How many grams of sugar (fructose) are in one can of soda? 2. Why weren’t the two “fasting” students’ blood sugars lower than the “non-fasting” students before drinking the soda? a. What hormone prevented hypoglycemia? 3. If the blood sugar level rose immediately after the sugar was ingested, but then dropped, which hormone was responsible for the drop? 4. What is the cause of Type 1 diabetes? 5. What is the cause of Type 2 diabetes? 6. What is the normal blood glucose level? 7. How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed? a. A fasting value over ________ mg/dl on at two separate occasions Or: b. A blood sugar over ________ mg/dl at 2 hours and on at least one other occasion during a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test. c. Impaired glucose tolerance is diagnosed by a blood sugar between ________& ________ mg/dl at 2 hours and 200 mg/dl at least one other occasion during a twohour oral glucose tolerance test. BI 232 Laboratory: Week 7 Quiz 4 (material from previous week) The Cardiovascular System: Blood Ex 19. Blood Cells ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: Identification of various blood cells, blood typing Lab resources: Posters with examples for blood cells, slide boxes, microscopes Blood typing kits, biohazard and sharps containers, sterile cotton balls, band-aids, lancets, alcohol wipes, hemoglobinometers Slides available: Blood Wright’s stain, human, Infectious mononucleosis Lab activities: 19.1 and 19.2 – Identifying formed elements 19.3 – Differential white blood cell count 19.4 – Determining blood type In 19.3, please do NOT use the oil immersion lens (100x)!!! Terms to know: Table 19.1 Table 19.3 Components/characteristics of blood and its precursors – Know the following components (histologically, when appropriate) and learn their functions. Blood plasma – Know the general composition Formed elements – Be able to identify the following cells with a microscope. Also learn their functions. Erythrocytes Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Agranulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes Platelets Hemoglobin Megakaryocytes Diapedesis Commonly employed tests and procedures (excluding blood typing) Hematocrit Hemoglobin concentration Differential white blood cell count Bone marrow transplant Abnormal blood conditions Anemia Leukemia Myeloid leukemia Lymphoid leukemia Infectious mononucleosis Blood typing Antigens (agglutinogens) – also learn the specific antigens for the blood types listed below Antibodies (agglutinins) – also learn the specific antibodies for the blood types listed below Agglutination Blood types – Know the antigens/antibodies for each type and be able to combine the two systems (e.g. A+, O-). Finally, be able to predict suitability of a blood transfusion given the donors and recipients blood types. ABO system Rh system A Rh positive (Rh+) B Rh negative (Rh-) AB O Hemolysis Hemolytic disease of the newborn Please note: This week, some students will deal with blood which may contain infectious organisms! Please read the lab safety instructions provided on your lab benches before you start your lab activities today!!! Genetics of ABO blood types: There are 4 blood group phenotypes that occur in the ABO system: Phenotype Genotype O OO A AA, AO B BB, BO AB AB A Punnett Square can be used to help determine potential children. Place one parent’s blood type across the top and the other parent’s downward, then fill out the combinations. Fill out the following Punnet squares: 1. Parents: dad is AB & mom is AO 2. Parents: dad is BO & mom is AO 3. Which blood type is the universal donor? Why? 4. Which blood type is considered the universal recipient? 5. Could two parents have a child with Type O blood and a child with Type A blood? 6. Could two parents have a child with Type O blood and a child with Type AB blood? 7. What parental genetics are needed to yield a child with Type O blood? BI 232 Laboratory: Week 8 Quiz 5 (material from previous week) The Cardiovascular System: Anatomy of the Heart/Cardiovascular Physiology Ex 20. Gross Anatomy of the Heart Ex 22. Cardiovascular Physiology ______________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: Heart gross anatomy and physiology Lab resources: Several heart models in different sizes, sheep hearts for dissection, dissected sheep hearts and human hearts in formaldehyde (please leave on instructor bench) EKG Verneer © equipment, stethoscopes, sphygmomanometers (blood pressure cuffs) Lab activities: All activities outlined in the lab manual except for 22.6 C (pp.423-427) Slides available: Cardiac muscle, intercalated discs Terms to know: Exercise 20 & 22– Term list; don’t forget the Exercise 20 review and all activities! Some terms are abbreviated for space (L: left, R: right, A: anterior, P: posterior, AV: atrioventricular), you need to write them out on a quiz practical. EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART AND POSITION IN BODY – EX. 20 -Locating the heart on the surface of the body -Jugular notch -Sternal angle -Mediastinum -Pericardium -Fibrous pericardium -Serous pericardium -Parietal pericardium -Visceral pericardium -Pericardial cavity -Base of the heart -Apex of the heart -L/R border of the heart -Inferior border of the heart -Epicardium -Myocardium -Endocardium -Endocarditis -A and P interventricular sulcus -Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus BLOOD FLOW IN THE HEART (BE ABLE TO ID EACH TERM; LISTED IN ORDER OF BLOOD FLOW) Right side of heart – R atrium R AV (tricuspid) valves R ventricle Conus arteriosus Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulmonary trunk L & R pulmonary arteries Lungs Pulmonary veins To left side of heart Left side of heart L atrium L AV (mitral, bicuspid) valve L ventricle Aortic vestibule Aortic semilunar valve Arch of the aorta (Aortic arch) Brachiocephalic trunk OR L common carotid artery OR L subclavian artery OR descending aorta Systemic circulation Superior and Inferior vena cave To right side of heart INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART (ALSO ID STRUCTURES LISTED IN BLOOD FLOW SECTION) -Atrium -Auricle -Ventricle -Pectinate muscles -Interventricular septum -Fossa ovalis -Ventricular septal defects -Foramen ovale -Trabeculae carneae -R AV orifice -Papillary muscles -Interatrial septum -Chordae tendineae CORONARY CIRCULATION -R and L coronary arteries -Circumflex artery -L marginal artery -Ant. interventricular artery (LAD) -R marginal artery -Anastomosis -Post. interventricular artery (PDA) -Coronary sinus -Great cardiac vein -Middle cardiac vein -Small cardiac vein -Post. cardiac vein -Ant. cardiac veins ADDITIONAL TERMS -Systemic circulation -Pulmonary circulation -Cardiac cycle CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY – EX. 22 Cardiac cycle -Systole -Atrial systole -Ventricular systole -Diastole -Atrial diastole -Ventricular diastole -Heart sounds -“Lubb-dupp” -Auscultation areas for the heart -Bicuspid area -Tricuspid area -Aortic semilunar area -Pulmonary semilunar area -Isovolumetric contraction -Ventricular ejection Blood pressure -Systolic pressure -Diastolic pressure -Arterial blood pressure -Brachial artery -Pulse pressure Pulse rate -Pulse -Temporal artery pulse -Carotid artery pulse Electrocardiography -Cardiac conduction system -Sinoatrial (SA) node -Internodal pathways -Atrioventrical (AV) node -AV bundle (Bundle of His) -Bundle branches -Purkinje fibers -Mean arterial pressure (MAP) -Sphygmomanometer -Korotkoff sounds -Radial artery pulse -Popliteal artery pulse -Electrocardiography -Electrocardiogram -P wave -QRS complex (interval) -T wave -QT interval -Beats per minute (BPM) BI 232 Laboratory: Week 9 Quiz 6 (material from previous week) The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation Ex 21. Anatomy of Blood Vessels ________________________________________________________________________________ Study focus: know microscopic structure of blood vessels and be able to identify the major arteries and veins in the human body Lab resources: Flat blood vessel model, wire models (images of these models can also be found online) Lab activities: All activities outlined in the lab manual Slides available: Artery, Vein & Nerves, Vein w/valve (l.s.) Terms to know: Only need to know right and left for vessels that are asymmetric General terms – Have a general understanding of the following terms, and when appropriate, how they differ from one another Arteries Sinusoids Elastic arteries Veins Muscular arteries Companion veins Arterioles Anastomosis Capillaries Collateral branches Continuous capillaries Collateral circulation Fenestrated capillaries Histology of blood vessels – be able to recognize the following on microscope slides Lumen Tunica media Tunica interna External elastic membrane Endothelium Tunica externa (adventitia) Internal elastic membrane Specific blood vessels – be able to identify any of these on the available models. NOTE: blood vessels are listed under regions of the body that they are easiest to see and/or consider and some can be found in multiple regions. Arteries of the thorax Pulmonary trunk Right and left pulmonary arteries Right and left pulmonary veins Ascending aorta Aortic arch Brachiocephalic trunk Arteries of the neck and head Right and left common carotid artery (note the lack of symmetry between points of origination) Right and left subclavian artery (note the lack of symmetry between points of origination) Right and left external carotid artery Right and left internal carotid artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Maxillary artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery Internal thoracic artery Anterior intercostals arteries Subscapular artery Superficial temporal artery Ophthalmic artery Anterior cerebral artery Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) Middle cerebral artery Vertebral artery Basilar artery Posterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery Posterior communicating artery Arteries of the shoulder and arm – note that there is one for each arm (right and left), you should denote which is which Subclavian artery Ulnar artery Axillary artery Radial artery Brachial artery Superficial and deep palmar arches Deep brachial artery Arteries of the abdomen Descending aorta Celiac trunk Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery Superior mesenteric artery Suprarenal arteries Right and left renal arteries Right and left gonadal arteries Inferior mesenteric artery Lumbar arteries Median sacral artery Right and left common iliac arteries Right and left internal iliac arteries Right and left external iliac arteries Arteries of the legs – note that there is one for each leg (right and left), you should denote which is which Femoral artery Popliteal artery Medial circumflex femoral artery Anterior tibial artery Lateral circumflex femoral artery Posterior tibial artery Deep femoral artery Dorsal pedis artery Fibular artery Veins of the thorax Anterior intercostal veins Internal thoracic veins Right and left brachiocephalic veins Posterior intercostals veins Hemiazygos vein Azygos vein Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Veins of the neck and head Vertebral veins Right and left internal jugular veins Right and left external jugular veins Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Sigmoid sinus Cavernous sinus Transverse sinus Veins of the shoulder and arm – note that there is one for each arm (right and left), you should denote which is which Basilic vein Radial vein Cephalic vein Brachial vein Median cubital vein Axillary vein Ulnar vein Subclavian vein Veins of the abdomen External iliac vein Internal iliac vein Inferior vena cava Lumbar veins Right and left gonadal veins (note the difference between right and left) Renal veins Suprarenal veins Hepatic veins Hepatic portal system Inferior mesenteric vein Superior mesenteric vein Splenic vein Gastric veins Hepatic portal vein Veins of the leg – note that there is one for each leg (right and left), you should denote which is which Great saphenous vein Posterior tibial vein Anterior tibial vein Fibular vein Lab Practical II will be next week (week 10)! The practical will cover all the material covered in the package for the last 4 weeks of lab Terms to know, labeled figures, tables, any additional info outlined in the package Models Images Microscopes (images will also be provided for histology questions) 75 questions (timed) One bonus question – 2 points credit