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Chapter 10 Green/Cell Division Study Guide
1.
What are the four types of nitrogen bases in DNA?
2.
Match the correct nitrogen bases.
Adenine= ____________________
Guanine=____________________
Cytosine=____________________
Thymine=____________________
3.
What are three main parts of DNA?
4.
Describe each phase of mitosis.
5.
Describe interphase.
6.
Describe an egg and sperm.
7.
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis.
8.
What does Meiosis produce? Mitosis?
9.
Compare and Contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
10.
Describe the the number of chromosomes in a body cell and a sex cell.
11.
Define DNA.
12.
What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
13.
How does a mutation occur?
14.
When does DNA replication occur?
15.
What is the final step of mitosis?
16.
What phase does the chromatids line up in the center of the cell?
17. In human sexual reproduction, the sperm contains _______ individual chromosomes
and the egg contains ______ individual chromosomes. When they combine through
________________, the result in one complete cell known as a ___________________
that contains a total of _________ chromosomes.
18.
19.
20.
The shape of a DNA molecule is a _______ Helix.
Know how many daughter cells are produced from one cell in Mitosis. In Meiosis
Meiosis I is the same process as _________.
1.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
2.
Adenine bonds with Thymine, Cytosine bonds with Guanine (order doesn’t matter)
3.
Phosphate and sugar molecules make up the sides while Nitrogen bases make up
the rungs.
4. (See information on page 278, diagram on 279, or the hand-out at the end)
5.
Most of a cell’s life is spent in Interphase where it grows and develops. The hereditary
material is copied during this phase so the cell is ready to begin mitosis.
6.
Egg- Female reproductive cell, formed in the female reproductive organs by meiosis, has half
the chromosomes of the parents cells (haploid)
Sperm- Male reproductive cell, formed in the male reproductive organs by meiosis, has half
the chromosomes of the parents cells (haploid)
7.
8.
MITOSIS results in 2 daughter cells that are exact copies of the parent cell or diploid, used for
organisms to grow, develop, and repair, has 4 main (or 5 if including interphase) steps or
phases,
MEIOSIS results in 4 daughter cells that are NOT exact copies of the parent but contain half
the genetic information of the parent cell or haploid, produced by the sex organs, used only
for reproduction, phases are divided into Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Meiosis produces haploid sex cells. Mitosis produces diploid, exact copy cells.
9.
Sexual reproduction requires two parents and produces offspring with a combination of genes
from both parents. Asexual reproduction requires only 1 parent and produces offspring that are
genetically the same as the parent.
10.
The number of chromosomes in a sex cell are half that of the number found in the body
cells. As an example, humans have 46 chromosomes in the body cells, but produce sex cells
that contain only 23. When the sex cells combine in fertilization, 23 in the egg + 23 in the sperm
= 46 in the zygote...the normal number for body cells in humans.
11.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and is a code found in the chromosomes of cells. It
contains all the information about the cells/organisms growth and function.
12.
Diploid cells have a full set of chromosome, Haploid have half the number of chromosome
as they are sex cells.
13.
Mutations occur when DNA doesn’t get correctly copied. These changes are important
because all cells that come from that cell from that point forward will have the same incorrect
copy PLUS any other mistakes that occur in the future. Some mutation are helpful, some are
harmful, and some have no affect.
14.
DNA replication occurs during Interphase...the “in between” phase.
15.
Telophase is the final step of mitosis before going back into interphase.
16.
Metaphase is the phase during which the chromosomes lines up in the middle/center of the
cell.
17.
Sperm contain 23 chromosomes, Egg contains 23 chromosomes. When they combine
during fertilization, the resulting zygote has a total of 46 chromosomes. (See # 10 also)
18.
DNA ‘s shape is known as a Double Helix
19.
Mitosis produces 2 new cells. Meiosis produces 4 new cells.
20. Meiosis I is basically the same process as Mitosis.