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Name: ______________________________ Date: ______________ Period: _________ Lesson 6 Reading Questions: Microbes Read the provided reading packet and answer the questions below. 1. Would you describe bacteria as being helpful or harmful to people? Explain. Answers vary. Most correct answer: They are both helpful and harmful to people because they help us digest foods, they’re used to make medicine and food but they can also cause disease that people can die from. 2. Why are viruses not considered to be microorganisms? Viruses are not considered living because they cannot reproduce on their own. They are genetic material covered in a protein coat. Microorganisms are small living things therefore viruses are not microorganisms. Not technically a cell 3. Look at the figure on page 33 “Comparing Average Sizes of Microbes”. How do the sizes of protists, bacteria, and viruses compare? Protists are the largest, bacteria are in the middle, and viruses are the smallest. 4. Which do you think cannot be seen with a classroom microscope? Viruses require an electron microscope to view 5. Follow these directions using the table below. a. In each list, look for a relationship among the words. Cross out the word or phrase that does not belong. b. In each list, circle the word or phrase that includes the others. List 1 List 2 List 3 Animals Animal cell (cross out) Protists Bacteria Cell wall Bacteria (cross out) Plants Plant cell (circle) Animals Protists Chloroplasts Plants Respire (circle) Mitochondria Eukaryotes (circle) Viruses (cross out) Nucleus nucleus c. Explain how the word or phrase you circled is related to the other words on the list: List 1: Animals, bacteria, plants, and protists are all living things which respire. Viruses are not living and do not respire. List 2: Only plant cells have all the organelles shown, including chloroplast, so animal cells do not fit on the list. List 3: Protists, animals, and plants are all eukaryotes and have nucleus. Bacteria do not have a nucleus and are not eukaryotes. 6. You have read how microbes can be both helpful and harmful to humans. Do you think a microbe can be neither helpful nor harmful? Explain. Answers vary. Mostly likely answer: some microorganisms do not have a positive or negative effect on people. For example, the paramecium is neither helpful nor harmful to people. 7. You decide to examine some pond water under a microscope. With a magnification of 40 (using the 4X objective), you observe a long, cylindrical organism moving across your field of view. As you look more closely, you notice what appears to be a round structure inside of it. Is this organism most likely a protist, bacterium, or virus? Explain how you arrived at your conclusion. This organisms is most likely a protist. Evidence that support this conclusion is the presence of what appears to be a nucleus inside of the organism. Viruses and bacteria do not have a nucleus. 8. Suppose your school’s microscopes did not have a 40x objective, but only 10x objectives. Your friend, who is in high school, uses a 40x objective. What is a group of microbes that your friend can study that you cannot? Bacteria. Most bacteria are extremely tiny and require a high level of magnification (such as 400x, like our high power). Protists are larger and can be seen with a lower level of magnification so they could be seen with both microscopes. 9. What are the advantages of using the highest power objective on a microscope? What are the advantages of using the lowest power objective on a microscope? Explain. On high power, you can see more details. On low power you have a larger field of view and it is easier to focus and find organisms. 10. In the Venn diagram below, record unique or important features of each group of microbes in the appropriate space. Record common features among group sin the spaces that overlap. (Hint: think about what you have learned about cells in the last few activities.) Protist Nucleus, organelles, largest Bacteria Living, cell membrane, one cell, cytoplasm Genetic material, microbes Not living, not a cell, smallest Viruses smaller than protists Genes not in nucleus