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Name_______________________________________
Period_____
Sparta vs. Athens
I.
II.
By 750 BC, the polis (city-state—city plus
surrounding countryside including villages) was
the political unit in ancient Greece.
Military of Athens and Sparta:
1. Discovery of iron allowed ordinary citizens
to arm/defend themselves.
A. Citizens were expected to defend the polis
B. Phalanx—soldiers walked side by side,
spear in one hand, shield in the other.
II. Sparta:
1. Sparta’s government was an oligarchy
A. Oligarchy—government ruled by a few
powerful people
ex., military leaders
2. Military state with military leaders
A. Valued strength, duty and discipline
B. All loyalty was to the Spartan state, even
above family
3. Boys- Age 7, they were sent away for
rigorous military training in army barracks
4. Girls- ran, wrestled, and played in sports
but were not a part of the military
5. Women—did not have the right to vote but
managed the families estates while their
husbands served the polis
6. 600-371 BC—Sparta had most powerful army in
Greece.
A. Cost= NO individuality, art or freedom
III. Athens:
1. Government—Athens was s democracy
A. Direct Democracy—a government ruled by the
citizens
B. Only citizens could vote and citizens were
only adult, free men
C. Women could not vote and were expected to
raise the children and take care of the
household quietly.
2. Athens: located on the coast and had a very
strong navy
3. Athenians valued individuality, art, and
freedom.
Persian Wars:
B.C.
Persians invade Greece around 490
1. Greeks, including Athens and Sparta, fought
valiantly defeating the Persians despite
being outnumbered.
2.
Results:
a. Greeks gained confidence and ended the
threat of future attacks
b. Delian League—140 polis alliance against
future invasion
c. Wealth and victory caused creative
outbreak setting stage for Greek Golden
Age.
2. Golden Age: time of peace and prosperity
with developments in
culture:
*art
*literature
*architecture
*education
*science
*math