Download MP 2 Review - Northern Highlands

CP Final Review – 2011-12
You should know:
Chapter 1
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Describe how the scientific method is used.
Distance measurements in metric units.
Measure time intervals in mixed units.
Distinguish between independent and dependent variables.
Graph interpretation graphs.
Define speed. Express an object’s speed using various units.
Calculate speed, distance, or time given two of the three quantities.
Chapter 2
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Recognize that force is needed to change an object’s motion.
Explain Newton’s first law.
Describe how inertia and mass are related.
Explain Newton’s second law.
Explain the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
Determine mass, acceleration, or force given two of the quantities.
Describe the motion of an object in free fall.
Calculate speed and distance for an object in free fall.
Distinguish between mass and weight.
Explain how air resistance affects the motion of objects.
Describe motion with position versus time and speed versus time graphs.
Use a position versus time graph to calculate speed from the slope.
Use a speed versus time graph to calculate acceleration and distance traveled.
Chapter 3
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Use Newton’s third law to explain various situations.
What is momentum? How is momentum dependant on mass and velocity?
Distinguish between mass and momentum. Which is inertia and which is inertia in motion?
Which has a greater mass, a heavy truck at rest, or a rolling skateboard? Which has greater
momentum?
Explain the relationship between Newton’s third law and momentum conservation.
Is momentum always constant? What would make an object’s momentum change?
Explain how momentum, impulse, force, and time are related.
What is the definition of impulse? What are the units? What does the amount of impulse depend
on?
In a car crash, why is it advantageous for an occupant to extend the time during which the collision
takes place? In terms of impulse and momentum, why are air bags in automobiles a good idea?
If the time of impact in a collision is extended by four times, how much does the force of impact
change?
What does it mean to follow through when you throw a baseball? Why are we told to do this?
Solve momentum problems.
Apply the law of conservation of energy to explain the motion of an object acted on by gravity.
Know the difference between inelastic& elastic and explosion collisions.
Use momentum conservation to solve collision problems (inelastic, elastic, explosion)
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What does it mean to be conserved? When will an object’s momentum be conserved? When will it
not be?
In terms of momentum conservation, why does a gun kick when fired?
Describe work and energy.
Calculate potential energy.
Calculate kinetic energy.
Chapter 4
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Define work in terms of force and distance and in terms of energy.
Calculate the work done when moving an object.
Explain the relationship between work and power.
Chapter 5
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Draw vectors to scale to represent a quantity’s magnitude and direction.
Solve vector problems.
Find the vector’s components.
Explain what it means to say an object is in equilibrium.
Use free-body diagrams to find unknown forces.
Explain how springs exert forces. (Hooke’s Law)
Add force vectors.
Distinguish between sliding and static friction.
Explain the cause of friction.
Definition, cause, direction of friction
Difference between static and kinetic friction
What the coefficient of friction depends on and how to calculate it
How to solve problems where friction is one of the forces involved
Chapter 6
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Define projectile.
Recognize the independence of a projectile’s horizontal and vertical velocities.
Describe the path of a projectile.
Calculate a projectile’s horizontal or vertical distance or speed.
Explain how a projectile’s launch angle affects its range.
Distinguish between rotation and revolution
Calculate angular speed
Explain how angular speed, linear speed, and distance are related.
- How do they change when radius increases
- Centripetal Acceleration & Force
- Direction of acceleration & force
- Other forces responsible for centripetal forces
- Friction
- Tension
Explain how a centripetal force causes circular motion
List the factors that affect centripetal force
- Relationships between;
- Force & velocity – (direct)
- Force & Mass - direct
- Force and radius - (inverse)
- Mass & velocity (w/force the same) - inverse
Describe the relationship between gravitational force, mass, and distance
What is Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation? How is Fg related to the product of the
masses?
How is Fg related to the distance squared? What is an inverse square law?
Chapter 13:
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Explain how electrical energy is supplied to devices in a circuit.
Use electrical symbols to draw simple circuit diagrams.
Distinguish between open and closed circuits.
List the units used to measure current and voltage.
Describe how to measure current and voltage in a circuit.
Explain the function of a battery in a circuit.
Explain the relationships between current, voltage, and resistance.
Use Ohm’s law to calculate current, resistance, or voltage.
Distinguish between conductors and insulators.
Chapter 14:
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Describe a series circuit.
Calculate the resistance and current in a series circuit.
Explain how the voltage changes across each resistor in a series circuit.
Describe how current divides in a parallel circuit.
Determine the voltage across and current through each branch of a parallel circuit.
Explain why circuit breakers and fuses are used in homes.
Calculate power in a circuit.
Distinguish between alternating and direct current.
Chapter 15:
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Distinguish between a positive and negative net charge.
Explain the meaning of Coulomb’s law.
Describe different ways of charging an electroscope.
Describe what happens in a capacitor as it charges.
Recognize that current decreases over time as a capacitor charges or discharges.
Explain the factors that determine how much charge a capacitor holds.
Chapter 16
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Realize that magnetic poles always exist in pairs.
Know whether two magnetic poles will attract or repel.
Know the magnetic field and forces around a permanent magnet.
Be able to use the right-hand rule to locate an electromagnet’s poles.
Explain the source of magnetism in materials.
Explain how a compass responds to a magnetic field.
Know the cause of Earth’s magnetism.
Know the difference between Earth’s magnetic and geographic poles.
Explain how a compass is used to indicate direction.
Chapter 17
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Know the effect an electric current in a wire has on a compass.
Know how to change the strength and direction of a wire’s magnetic field.
Be able to determine whether two wires or coils will attract or repel.
Describe the role of magnets in electric motors. Explain how electric motors operate.
Know the main three parts of an electric motor.
Know and be able to explain how a battery-powered motor works.
Know how and be able to explain how a magnet can be used to produce current in a coil.
Know the design of a simple generator.
Be able to calculate the number of turns or voltage of a coil in a transformer.
Chapter 18
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Propose a general explanation for how forces act over a distance.
Describe why the strength of a field decreases with distance from the source.
Describe how fast a force moves between objects.
Describe how gravity acts between objects through a field
Describe how electric charges act in an electric field.
Calculate electric field strength.
Chapter 19
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Identify a cycle of harmonic motion.
Recognize common oscillators.
Know the relationship between period and frequency.
Understand how to identify and measure amplitude.
Recognize the difference between linear motion and harmonic motion graphs.
Interpret graphs of harmonic motion.
Determine amplitude and period from a harmonic motion graph.
Recognize when two oscillators are in phase or out of phase.
Understand the role of restoring force in how oscillators work.
Learn the relationship between amplitude and period for a pendulum.
Recognize simple oscillators.
Chapter 20
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Describe transverse and longitudinal waves.
Learn the properties of waves.
Calculate the speed of a wave.
Identify the fundamental and harmonics of a standing wave.
Learn how waves propagate.
Describe the four wave interactions.
Describe the superposition principle, and constructive and destructive interference.
Review natural frequency and resonance.
Learn about the relationship between wave energy and its properties.
Chapter 21
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Explain how pitch, loudness, and speed are related to waves.
Explain the Doppler effect.
Describe how sound is created and recorded.
Learn how sound is made and nnow the factors that affect the speed of sound.
Know that the speed of sound changes in different materials.
The importance of the wavelength of sound.
Describe sound interactions.
Describe how the meaning of sound is related to frequency and time.
Learn how we hear sound.
Describe the musical scale, consonance, dissonance, and beats in terms of sound waves
Learn about the role of harmonics in how instruments sound.