Download Earth Environmental Science Review

Earth Environmental Science
Review
1-50
1.Which statement describes the Answer:
motion of Earth around the
C
sun?
A. The speed of Earth is
constant regardless of its
distance from the sun.
B. The speed of Earth is
constant because the distance
remains the same between
Earth and the sun.
C. Speed increases the farther
Earth is from the sun and
decreases the closer it is to
the sun.
D. Speed increases the closer
Earth is to the sun and
decreases the farther it is
from the sun.
If it is summer in the
Northern Hemisphere,
which statement is true?
A. Earth has changed the tilt of
its axis by 20 degrees due to
its revolution.
B. It is winter in the Southern
Hemisphere due to the tilt
of Earth’s axis.
C. It is summer in the Southern
Hemisphere due to the tilt
of Earth’s axis.
D. It is winter in the Southern
Hemisphere due to the tilt
of Earth’s axis.
E. Earth has reached its closest
point to the sun due to its
revolution.
Answer:
B
How does a straight alignment Answer:
between Earth, the sun,
A
and the moon, impact tides
on Earth?
A. It produces the greatest change
in high and low tides.
B. It produces the least change in
high and low tides.
C. It produces semidiurnal tides.
D. It produces diurnal tides
Which describes the difference
between nuclear fission and
nuclear fusion?
a. Nuclear fission is the process
that produces the radiant
energy of stars, and nuclear
fusion splits a heavier nucleus
into smaller nuclei.
b. Nuclear fission splits a heavier
nucleus into smaller nuclei, and
nuclear fusion is the process
that produces the radiant
energy of stars.
c. Nuclear fission produces the
energy of in the core of the
Earth, and nuclear fusion
produces energy in nuclear
power plants.
d. Nuclear fission produces energy
in nuclear power plants, and
nuclear fusion produces the
energy in the core of Earth.
Answer:
B
How does heat from the sun
get to Earth?
A. By radiation, using
electromagnetic waves to
transfer the heat.
– By convection, using liquids
and gases to transfer the
heat
– By conduction, using solids
to transfer the heat
– By absorption, using primary
waves to transfer the heat
Answer:
A
Why do green plants require
solar energy?
a. To produce their own food
b. To absorb nitrogen into their
roots
c. To release carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere
d. To decompose the dead or
decaying remains of an
animal
Answer:
A
How could the removal of
trees and other vegetation
impact an environment?
A. By increasing oxygen
production
B. By increasing soil formation
C. By increasing transpiration
D. By increasing erosion
Answer:
D
Why are ocean currents
important to coastal
regions?
a. They produce high and low
tides along coastal regions
b. They can warm or cool the air
temperatures along coastal
regions.
c. They move vertically pushing
warm water and nutrients to
the surface along coastal
regions.
d. They increase the rate of
precipitation as cold water
moves along coastal regions.
Answer:
B
In which atmospheric layer of
Earth do thunderstorms
occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thermosphere
mesosphere
Stratosphere
troposphere
Answer:
D
Which gas makes up the
largest component of the
Earth’s atmosphere?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Argon
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
Answer:
C
Which statement describes
the general movement of
air masses?
a. They move from areas of high
pressure to areas of low pressure.
b. They move from areas of high
altitude to areas of low altitude.
c. They move from areas of low
humidity to areas of high humidity.
d. They move from areas of low
temperature to areas of high
temperature
Answer:
A
Which most likely occurs
when a fast-moving cold
air mass moves into a
region of warmer, moist
air?
a. It causes light precipitation
for a long period of time.
b. It causes light precipitation
for a short period of time.
c. It causes heavy precipitation
for a long period of time.
d. It causes heavy precipitation
for a short period of time
Answer:
D
Which contributes to the
Answer:
formation of hurricanes
C
during the late summer?
A. The interaction between
ocean water salinity and
warm air masses.
B. The interaction between
ocean water currents and
polar air masses.
C. The interaction between
ocean water
temperatures and warm
air masses.
D. The interaction between
ocean water salinity and
ocean water density
Which is a major source of air Answer:
pollution created by
B
humans?
A. Hydroelectric plants
B. Industrial factories
C. Reforestation
D. Nuclear power
Which can lead to the
depletion of the ozone
layer of Earth?
A. Coal fired power plants
B. Vehicle exhaust
C. Burning compost
D. aerosols
Answer:
D
How is climate different than
Answer:
weather?
D
A. Climate is constantly changing,
whereas, weather changes
slowly over time.
B. Climate influences people’s
daily activities, whereas,
weather influences people’s
seasonal activities.
C. Climate refers to the
atmospheric conditions on a
given date, whereas, weather
refers to the atmospheric
conditions during a given
season.
D. Climate is based on the
observations made for a
region over several years,
whereas weather is based on
day to day observations made
for a region.
By 1901, global surface
Answer:
temperatures have risen at
C
an average rate of 0.13
degrees F every 10 years. In
which way could the average
increase in global
temperatures influence
Earth?
a. By decreasing erosion
within coastal ecosystems
b. By decreasing periods of
drought in all water systems
c. By increasing the amount of
flooding because of rising
sea levels.
d. By increasing the formation
of sea ice within polar
regions
Which example describes an
Answer:
abiotic factor that could
C
impact the diversity of an
ecosystem?
A. An increase in prey can
impact the number of
predators in an ecosystem.
B. The introduction of an
invasive species can change
the amount of available
resources in an ecosystem.
C. An increase in the amount
of acid rain can change the
pH of the soil in an
ecosystem.
D. The competition for food
can impact the survival rate
between members of the
same species in an
ecosystem.
Why would citizens be advised Answer:
to recycle plastic products?
A
A. The products are not
biodegradable and it would
decrease the consumption
of petroleum products.
B. This would increase the
consumption of petroleum
products.
C. This would decrease the
amount of green industry
jobs.
D. The products can be made
into expensive public art.
Why does Earth experience
Answer:
precession?
D
A. Because Earth revolves
around the sun every 365
days.
B. Because of the movement
of the circumpolar stars
and Polaris.
C. Because Earth is the third
planet from the sun.
D. Because the plane of the
moon’s orbit is tilted from
Earth’s elliptical plane.
Which of the following
Answer:
chemical reactions produce C
the sun’s energy?
A. Helium nuclei are
combined by nuclear
fission.
B. Oxygen is present to
cause combustion of solar
fuel molecules.
C. Hydrogen nuclei combine
through nuclear fusion
into helium.
D. Helium and oxygen break
down through nuclear
fission.
The Earth’s atmosphere is
Answer:
mainly composed of which A
2 gases?
A. Nitrogen and oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide and
oxygen
C. Methane and oxygen
D. Oxygen and carbon
dioxide
How does a cold front form? Answer:
A. Warm air advances and
B
replaces cold air
B. Cold air advances forcing
warm air to rise
C. Warm and cold air masses
mix and meet
D. Warm and cold air masses
have no relative
advancement
On an August afternoon in NC Answer:
the barometric pressure is B
29.92 inches and falling.
What weather condition is
likely to happen?
A. Clearing skies and cooler
temperatures
B. Continued fair weather
C. An imminent storm
D. Conditions will slowly
improve
Where would the highest
amounts of acid rain most
likely be found?
A. Over the ocean
B. In the forest
C. In urban areas
D. In the mountains
Answer:
C
What is the major difference
between weather and
climate?
A. Air temperature
B. Air pressure
C. Humidity
D. Time
Answer:
D
Which of the following is an
Answer:
example of climate?
D
a. The current temperature in
Greenville, NC is 29
degrees C.
b. The relative humidity in
Raleigh is 97%.
c. The average current
temperature in Raleigh is
77 degrees.
d. The average temperature
in Beaufort County over
the past for the past 30
years is 80 degrees Celsius.
Which phrase describes how
the sun’s rays strike Earth
at the equator?
A. At a low angle
B. At nearly a 90 degree
angle
C. 18 hours a day
D. No more than 8 hours a
day
Answer:
B
When a moving air mass
Answer:
encounters a mountain
B
range, how does it behave?
A. Stops moving
B. Rises and cools
C. Slows and sinks
D. Reverses it direction
Name the process by which
ice changes directly into
water vapor.
a. Advection
b. Convection
c. Sublimation
d. condensation
Answer:
C
What happens to the airs
capacity for holding water
when the temperature
drops?
A. Slightly higher
B. About the same
C. Much higher
D. lower
Answer:
D
Around Los Angeles, frequent Answer:
temperature inversions are B
the result of cool, polluted
air being trapped by
A. Acid rain
B. Mountains
C. A layer of warmer air
D. The ocean
Which items below radiate
energy?
a. Sun
b. Earth’s surface
c. The atmosphere
d. All of the above
Answer:
D
Name the type of air mass
Answer:
that forms over the Gulf of D
Mexico.
A. cP air mass
B. cT air mass
C. mP air mass
D. mT air mass
A cold front
A. Is the boundary between a
retreating cold air mass
and an advancing warm
air mass
B. Is associated with fair
weather
C. Forces warmer air ahead
of it to rise
D. Is marked on a weather
map by a slightly curving
isobar
Answer:
C
Which statement describes
areas near the equator?
A. High average
temperatures and large
yearly temperature
ranges
B. Long nights and short
days
C. High average
temperatures and small
yearly temperature
ranges
D. Very long nights during
the winter
Answer:
C
Which form of radiation has
the longest wavelength?
A. Blue light
B. Radio waves
C. Infrared waves
D. UV
Answer:
C
Identify the season when the Answer:
sun’s rays reach their
D
highest angle in the
Northern Hemisphere.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Spring
Winter
fall
summer
Which term below is used to
identify the wobbling
motion made by Earth’s
axis as it turns in space?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Precession
Gravity
Plasticity
nutation
Answer:
D
Which statement below
Answer:
would best describe spring A
tides?
a. Spring tides are especially
high and low tides that
occur which occur twice a
month.
b. Spring tides are especially
high and low tides that
occur when the moon is
in the first quarter and
the third quarter phase.
c. The spring tides are not
especially high or low.
Which process in the nebular Answer:
hypothesis results in the
a
formation of a star?
a. Nuclear fusion
b. Nuclear fission
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above
Identify the phase of the
moon that a neap tide
would occur during.
a. Full moon
b. new moon
c. first-quarter moon
d. third-quarter moon
e. a and c
f. c and d
Answer:
F
The tidal ranges of lakes and
other minor bodies of
water are so small that
they are almost invisible.
Why might this be so?
a. The amount of water is so
much more that the moon’s
gravity does not impact it.
b. There is significantly less
water for the moon to pull
on.
c. Lakes are more greatly
impacted by the
gravitational pull of the sun
than the moon.
Answer:
b
Name the galaxy that you live Answer:
in.
B
a.
b.
c.
d.
Local Cluster
Milky Way
Tri-Sun Galaxy
none of the above
Which statement below best Answer:
explains differential
C
heating of land and water?
a. Water heats and cools much
more quickly than land.
b. Water heats more quickly
than land and cools more
quickly than land.
c. Land heats and cools more
quickly than water.
d. Land heats more quickly
than water and cools slower
than water.
Which motion of Earth is
Answer:
responsible for creating its D
bulge in the center?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nutation
Precession
revolution
rotation
Which statement below best
describes Earth’s pathway
around the sun according
to Kepler’s First Law of
Motion?
a. It travels in a perfectly
circle pattern.
b. It changes every 10 years
by 115 degrees.
c. It travels in an elliptical
pathway.
D. both A and C
Answer:
C
According to Kepler’s Second Answer:
Law of Motion, where
B
would a planet travel faster
in its orbit around the sun?
a. When it is closest to the sun.
b. When it is farthest away
from the sun.
c. When it is halfway between
the point where it closest to
the sun and farthest from
the sun.
d. It will always travel the exact
same speed.
Name the motion of Earth
Answer:
that is responsible for
C
creating the calendar year.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nutation
Precession
revolution
rotation
Which electromagnetic wave Answer:
has the shortest
d
wavelength?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Infrared light
visible light
ultraviolet light
X-ray
How is solar energy essential to Answer:
plants?
B
A. The UV radiation of the sun
generates ozone for plants
to support all life.
B. The wavelengths of visible
light stimulate the plant
cells to produce energy
compounds by
photosynthesis.
C. The microwaves emitted by
the sun stimulate animal
reproduction in the
rainforest.
D. The infrared radiation
reflected from the Earth’s
surface drives the carbon,
oxygen, and nitrogen cycles.
On a map showing
Answer:
temperature distributions, B
what are the lines
connecting points of equal
temperatures?
A. Isobars
B. Isotherms
C. Isotemps
D. equigrads
What are the 2 principle
Answer:
absorbers of radiation
C
emitted by Earth’s surface?
A. Carbon dioxide and
nitrogen
B. Carbon dioxide and ozone
C. Carbon dioxide and water
vapor
D. Carbon dioxide and
oxygen