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Beaker Babies ( from Meg O'Mahony adapted from Access Excellence) Your mother’s eyes? Your father’s mouth? How is your appearance – and everything else – genetically determined? PROCEDURE: 1. Determine what your “code letters” are for each genetic trait based on the following list. These represent the genes that you carry on your chromosomes. You received one from your mother and one from your father. Chromosome Number Genetic Trait Observable Versions of Trait and Corresponding Code Number X sex XX = female XY = male A Earlobes EE = free Ee = free ee = attached B Dimples DD = present Dd = present dd = absent C Hair colour BB = black Bb = brown bb = blond D Hair type HH = curly HH’ = wavy H’H’ = straight E Widow’s peak AA = present Aa = present aa = absent F Tongue roll RR = roll Rr = roll rr= can’t roll G Thumb placement H Eye distance LL or Ll = left thumb on top when fingers are interlaced MM = close MM’ = average ll = right thumb on top M’M’= far apart I Sodium benzoate KK = bitter, salty Kk = sweet, sour taster kk = non-taster J Thiourea taster FF = bitter, taste strong Ff = slightly bitter ff = non-taster K PTC taster NN = bitter Nn = bitter,more slowly developed nn = non-taster 2. Fill out the labels on the 14 chromosomes on the back pages as shown in the example. (do not cut out chromosomes) Write your name (or initials) on each half of each chromosome. Fill in your code letters in the top blank squares, but only put one in each square. Use only one of the pairs of X chromosome, and all of the other chromosomes. 3. Find a “spouse” and together fill out the CODE LETTERS and OBSERVABLE VERSION columns on the Mother (Female P1) and Father (Male P1) data tables. P1 is shorthand for the “1st Parental generation”. You can cut up your chromosomes now. 4. Once all of your and your spouse’s chromosomes are ready, hold them at least 2 feet above a flat surface. “Drop” your chromosomes at the same time. 5. Sort your chromosomes from X to K. You can now fill out CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED on the Mother and Father data tables, and CODE LETTER and OBSERVABLE VERSION on Your Child’s (F1) data table. F1 is shorthand for “1st Filial generation”. (Filial = offspring as in “fille” or “fils”, French for daughter and son.) 6. Tape, glue, or staple each pair of your corresponding chromosomes together to form chromosomes for your child. Each should look like your original chromosome, with the CODE CONTRIBUTED by each parent facing outside. These should also lie flat. 7. Arrange a marriage. Find another pair of parents and fill out the information for your new son– or daughter-in-law on the appropriate table, and generate a grandchild as in steps 4 and 5. This is the F2, or “2nd Filial generation”. Congratulations! ANALYSIS: 1. What percentage does each parent contribute to a child’s genotype? 2. In the activity above, which step(s) represent the process of meiosis? 3. Using examples from this activity, explain your understanding of: a) genotype b) phenotype c) dominant d) recessive e) incomplete dominance 4. All the children had two heterozygous parents. Use the law of independent assortment to explain why there were no identical twins produced. EARLOBE ATTACHMENT: Free (EE, Ee) DARWIN'S EARPOINT: Attached (ee) HAIR TYPE: Curly (HH) Present (DD, Dd) Wavy (HH’) Straight (H’H’) WIDOW'S PEAK: Present (AA, Aa) EYE DISTANCE: Close (MM) Absent (dd) Absent (aa) Average (MM’) Far apart (M’M’) http://www.ncpublicschools.org/curriculum/science/Biology/BioLABS/genetics_lab/genetics.html TONGUE ROLL Can roll tongue (FF, Ff) Can’t roll tongue (ff) THUMB PLACEMENT left thumb right thumb on top (LL, Ll ) on top (ll) CHEEK DIMPLES Present (DD or Dd) Absent (dd) http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/handouts/genetics.html Beaker Babies Summary Instructions: Find the definitions of the following terms. You may use the glossary in your textbook. Record the definition. THEN, think about the Beaker Babies activity and identify either what you could use this term to describe, or where this term appears. Term Definition Where you see this in Beaker Babies Meiosis Chromosome Gene Allele Phenotype Genotype Heterozygous Homozygous Dominant Allele Diploid Haploid Beaker Babies Data Tables Mother (Female P1) GENETIC TRAIT CODE LETTERS OBSERVABLE VERSION CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO OF TRAIT OFFSPRING CODE LETTERS OBSERVABLE VERSION CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO OF TRAIT OFFSPRING X. sex Earlobes Darwin’s earpoint Hair colour Hair type Widow’s peak Tongue roll Thumb placement Eye distance Sodium benzoate taster Thiourea taster PTC taster Father (Male P1) GENETIC TRAIT X. sex Earlobes Darwin’s earpoint Hair colour Hair type Widow’s peak Tongue roll Thumb placement Eye distance Sodium benzoate taster Thiourea taster PTC taster Your Child (F1 Generation) GENETIC TRAIT X. sex CODE LETTERS OBSERVABLE VERSION CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO OF TRAIT OFFSPRING Earlobes Darwin’s earpoint Hair colour Hair type Widow’s peak Tongue roll Thumb placement Eye distance Sodium benzoate taster Thiourea taster PTC taster Your Child’s spouse (F1 Generation) GENETIC TRAIT X. sex CODE LETTERS OBSERVABLE VERSION OF TRAIT CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO OFFSPRING OBSERVABLE VERSION OF TRAIT CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO OFFSPRING Earlobes Darwin’s earpoint Hair colour Hair type Widow’s peak Tongue roll Thumb placement Eye distance Sodium benzoate taster Thiourea taster PTC taster Your Grandchild (F2 Generation) GENETIC TRAIT X. sex Earlobes Darwin’s earpoint Hair colour Hair type Widow’s peak Tongue roll Thumb placement Eye distance Sodium benzoate taster Thiourea taster PTC taster CODE LETTERS Example Write the code letters for your trait here. Put only one gene on each chromosome Cut on the dotted line, then fold together lengthwise on the solid line, so that the writing is on the outside. code code letter letter code code letter letter your your name name Homologous pair of chromosome X. Use only one of these: Tape or glue together to keep it flat. code letter code letter Males your your name name Homologous pair of chromosome A Females Homologous pair of chromosome B your your name name Homologous pair of chromosome C code code code code code code letter letter letter letter letter letter your your your your name name your your name name name name Homologous pair of chromosome D code letter code Homologous pair of chromosome E Homologous pair of chromosome F code code code code code code letter letter letter letter letter letter your your your your name name your your name name letter your your name name name Homologous pair of chromosome H code code letter letter your name Homologous pair of chromosome G Homologous pair of chromosome I code letter code name Homologous pair of chromosome J code code letter letter Homologous pair of chromosome K code code letter letter your your name name letter your your your name name name your your name name Write up requirements: Answer 1-3 for a C; Answer 1-5 for a B; Answer all for an A in this section: (don’t forget a full title for this lab write up). 1) Answer Analysis questions 1-4 (page 2) (typed) 2) Fill out Beaker baby summary chart (page 4) (handwritten) 3) Show completed data tables (do not turn in the chromosomes) (handwritten). 4) What is the relationship between coin tossing and dropping paper chromosomes, and genetic probability of getting one trait over another allele of that trait in organisms? (typed) 5) Some inherited traits cause individuals to die before reaching birth or reproductive age. Is there any trait where having two copies of a type of an allele is lethal? Use the internet to search for lethal alleles in humans and explain the genetics, symptoms, and other pertinent details of that disease. Include the references you used in this answer in APA format (www.bibme.org) (typed) 6) For an A grade also complete the following: Pick a genetic disorder, explain how the disorder is inherited (autosomal dominant/autosomal recessive/x-linked dominant or recessive), any chromosomal abnormalities, how does the disorder manifest itself in humans (phenotypic, symptoms), are there any treatments or cures. minimum 1/2 page single spaced, include at least 2 references for disorder (www.bibme.org) , due TYPED (a useful site: Genetic Disorders UofU, Dolan Learning Center Yahoo Genetic Disorders March of Dimes) (typed) WARNING: avoid plagiarism by making sure you define all technical vocabulary that has not been previous discussed in class or your textbook (online or print). Example: polydactyl, extra digits (fingers or toes), ….1 (where the 1 refers to the source of your information).