Download Beaker - Groch Biology

Beaker Babies
( from Meg O'Mahony adapted from Access Excellence)
Your mother’s eyes? Your father’s mouth? How is your appearance – and everything else
– genetically determined?
PROCEDURE:
1. Determine what your “code letters” are for each genetic trait based on the following
list. These represent the genes that you carry on your chromosomes. You received
one from your mother and one from your father.
Chromosome
Number
Genetic
Trait
Observable Versions of Trait and Corresponding
Code Number
X
sex
XX = female
XY = male
A
Earlobes
EE = free
Ee = free
ee = attached
B
Dimples
DD = present
Dd = present
dd = absent
C
Hair colour
BB = black
Bb = brown
bb = blond
D
Hair type
HH = curly
HH’ = wavy
H’H’ = straight
E
Widow’s peak
AA = present
Aa = present
aa = absent
F
Tongue roll
RR = roll
Rr = roll
rr= can’t roll
G
Thumb
placement
H
Eye distance
LL or Ll = left thumb on top when
fingers are interlaced
MM = close
MM’ = average
ll = right thumb on
top
M’M’= far apart
I
Sodium benzoate KK = bitter, salty Kk = sweet, sour
taster
kk = non-taster
J
Thiourea taster
FF = bitter,
taste strong
Ff = slightly
bitter
ff = non-taster
K
PTC taster
NN = bitter
Nn = bitter,more
slowly developed
nn = non-taster
2.
Fill out the labels on the 14 chromosomes on the back pages as shown in the
example. (do not cut out chromosomes)
Write your name (or initials) on each half of each chromosome. Fill in your code
letters in the top blank squares, but only put one in each square. Use only one of
the pairs of X chromosome, and all of the other chromosomes.
3.
Find a “spouse” and together fill out the CODE LETTERS and OBSERVABLE
VERSION columns on the Mother (Female P1) and Father (Male P1) data tables. P1
is shorthand for the “1st Parental generation”. You can cut up your chromosomes
now.
4.
Once all of your and your spouse’s chromosomes are ready, hold them at least 2
feet above a flat surface. “Drop” your chromosomes at the same time.
5.
Sort your chromosomes from X to K. You can now fill out CODE LETTER
CONTRIBUTED on the Mother and Father data tables, and CODE LETTER and
OBSERVABLE VERSION on Your Child’s (F1) data table. F1 is shorthand for “1st
Filial generation”. (Filial = offspring as in “fille” or “fils”, French for daughter and
son.)
6.
Tape, glue, or staple each pair of your corresponding chromosomes together to
form chromosomes for your child. Each should look like your original chromosome,
with the CODE CONTRIBUTED by each parent facing outside. These should also lie
flat.
7.
Arrange a marriage. Find another pair of parents and fill out the information for
your new son– or daughter-in-law on the appropriate table, and generate a
grandchild as in steps 4 and 5. This is the F2, or “2nd Filial generation”.
Congratulations!
ANALYSIS:
1.
What percentage does each parent contribute to a child’s genotype?
2.
In the activity above, which step(s) represent the process of meiosis?
3.
Using examples from this activity, explain your understanding of:
a) genotype
b) phenotype
c) dominant
d) recessive
e) incomplete dominance
4.
All the children had two heterozygous parents. Use the law of independent
assortment to explain why there were no identical twins produced.
EARLOBE ATTACHMENT:
Free (EE, Ee)
DARWIN'S EARPOINT:
Attached (ee)
HAIR TYPE:
Curly (HH)
Present (DD, Dd)
Wavy (HH’)
Straight (H’H’)
WIDOW'S PEAK:
Present (AA, Aa)
EYE DISTANCE:
Close (MM)
Absent (dd)
Absent (aa)
Average (MM’)
Far apart (M’M’)
http://www.ncpublicschools.org/curriculum/science/Biology/BioLABS/genetics_lab/genetics.html
TONGUE ROLL
Can roll tongue (FF, Ff) Can’t roll tongue (ff)
THUMB PLACEMENT
left thumb
right thumb
on top (LL, Ll )
on top (ll)
CHEEK DIMPLES
Present (DD or Dd)
Absent (dd)
http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/handouts/genetics.html
Beaker Babies Summary
Instructions: Find the definitions of the following terms. You may use the glossary in your
textbook. Record the definition. THEN, think about the Beaker Babies activity and
identify either what you could use this term to describe, or where this term appears.
Term
Definition
Where you see this in Beaker
Babies
Meiosis
Chromosome
Gene
Allele
Phenotype
Genotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Dominant Allele
Diploid
Haploid
Beaker Babies Data Tables
Mother (Female P1)
GENETIC TRAIT
CODE LETTERS
OBSERVABLE VERSION CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO
OF TRAIT
OFFSPRING
CODE LETTERS
OBSERVABLE VERSION CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO
OF TRAIT
OFFSPRING
X. sex
Earlobes
Darwin’s
earpoint
Hair colour
Hair type
Widow’s peak
Tongue roll
Thumb
placement
Eye distance
Sodium benzoate
taster
Thiourea taster
PTC taster
Father (Male P1)
GENETIC TRAIT
X. sex
Earlobes
Darwin’s
earpoint
Hair colour
Hair type
Widow’s peak
Tongue roll
Thumb
placement
Eye distance
Sodium benzoate
taster
Thiourea taster
PTC taster
Your Child (F1 Generation)
GENETIC TRAIT
X. sex
CODE LETTERS
OBSERVABLE VERSION CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO
OF TRAIT
OFFSPRING
Earlobes
Darwin’s earpoint
Hair colour
Hair type
Widow’s peak
Tongue roll
Thumb placement
Eye distance
Sodium benzoate taster
Thiourea taster
PTC taster
Your Child’s spouse (F1 Generation)
GENETIC TRAIT
X. sex
CODE LETTERS
OBSERVABLE VERSION
OF TRAIT
CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO
OFFSPRING
OBSERVABLE VERSION
OF TRAIT
CODE LETTER CONTRIBUTED TO
OFFSPRING
Earlobes
Darwin’s earpoint
Hair colour
Hair type
Widow’s peak
Tongue roll
Thumb placement
Eye distance
Sodium benzoate taster
Thiourea taster
PTC taster
Your Grandchild (F2 Generation)
GENETIC TRAIT
X. sex
Earlobes
Darwin’s earpoint
Hair colour
Hair type
Widow’s peak
Tongue roll
Thumb placement
Eye distance
Sodium benzoate taster
Thiourea taster
PTC taster
CODE LETTERS
Example
Write the code letters
for your trait here. Put
only one gene on each
chromosome
Cut on the dotted line,
then fold together
lengthwise on the solid
line, so that the writing is
on the outside.
code
code
letter
letter
code
code
letter
letter
your
your
name
name
Homologous
pair of
chromosome X.
Use only one of
these:
Tape or
glue
together
to keep
it flat.
code
letter
code
letter
Males
your
your
name
name
Homologous pair of
chromosome A
Females
Homologous pair of
chromosome B
your
your
name
name
Homologous pair of
chromosome C
code
code
code
code
code
code
letter
letter
letter
letter
letter
letter
your
your
your
your
name
name
your
your
name
name
name
name
Homologous pair of
chromosome D
code
letter
code
Homologous pair of
chromosome E
Homologous pair of
chromosome F
code
code
code
code
code
code
letter
letter
letter
letter
letter
letter
your
your
your
your
name
name
your
your
name
name
letter
your
your
name
name
name
Homologous pair of
chromosome H
code
code
letter
letter
your
name
Homologous pair of
chromosome G
Homologous pair of
chromosome I
code
letter
code
name
Homologous pair of
chromosome J
code
code
letter
letter
Homologous pair of
chromosome K
code
code
letter
letter
your
your
name
name
letter
your
your
your
name
name
name
your
your
name
name
Write up requirements: Answer 1-3 for a C; Answer 1-5 for a B; Answer all for an A in this
section: (don’t forget a full title for this lab write up).
1) Answer Analysis questions 1-4 (page 2) (typed)
2) Fill out Beaker baby summary chart (page 4) (handwritten)
3) Show completed data tables (do not turn in the chromosomes) (handwritten).
4) What is the relationship between coin tossing and dropping paper chromosomes, and
genetic probability of getting one trait over another allele of that trait in organisms?
(typed)
5) Some inherited traits cause individuals to die before reaching birth or reproductive age. Is
there any trait where having two copies of a type of an allele is lethal? Use the internet to
search for lethal alleles in humans and explain the genetics, symptoms, and other
pertinent details of that disease. Include the references you used in this answer in APA
format (www.bibme.org) (typed)
6) For an A grade also complete the following:
Pick a genetic disorder, explain how the disorder is inherited (autosomal dominant/autosomal
recessive/x-linked dominant or recessive), any chromosomal abnormalities, how does the
disorder manifest itself in humans (phenotypic, symptoms), are there any treatments or cures.
minimum 1/2 page single spaced, include at least 2 references for disorder (www.bibme.org) ,
due TYPED (a useful site: Genetic Disorders UofU, Dolan Learning Center Yahoo Genetic
Disorders March of Dimes) (typed)
WARNING: avoid plagiarism by making sure you define all technical vocabulary that has not
been previous discussed in class or your textbook (online or print). Example: polydactyl, extra
digits (fingers or toes), ….1 (where the 1 refers to the source of your information).