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Organism: Homo sapiens sapiens http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Is made of cells Cells use DNA to copy themselves. Has mitochondria in cells Cells have cell nucleus Reproduces through sexual reproduction Multicellular and cells are held together with collagen Cells organized into three layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm Cells organized into true tissue. Nerves, muscles. Three layer organization allows for tissue to organize into true organs When just an embryo forms a blastula (hollow ball of cells—microscopic beachball) Bilateral symmetry (you could draw a line down the middle). Has a head and tail. Blastula develops into a tube shaped "tornarias" larva, tail end forming FIRST. Has a spinal chord protected by vertebrae Skull provides a hard braincase to protect the brain Jaws bony skeleton Paired appendages pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles Simplified pattern of bony plates in skull Four limbs Five fingers and toes Ankle bones form: "Astragalus" and "Calcaneum" Amniotic Egg protects embryo: Eggs can be laid out of water (and is laid internally) One temporal opening in skull behind the eye socket (synapsid opening opening) Three middle ear bones Mammary glands nourish young with milk Placenta connects embryo's and mother's blood and lymph systems and allows young to be born more fully developed. Stirrup shaped stapes (one of the middle ear bones) Flexible ankles Proportionately larger brain (compared to body size) than other mammals Forward facing eyes Fingernails No tail Small teeth Obligatory bipedalism (must walk upright) Smaller ribcage & thinner cheekbones (compared to Homo neanderthalensis)