Download Chapter 1 Test (Living Things) Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________
Group: __________
Date: ____________________________________
7 Blue Science
Life Science Marking Period 2 Exam Study Guide
Topic/Textbook: Cells & Heredity
Exam Format: 28 multiple choice, 3 open-ended
Discovering Cells (pgs. 16 – 22)
The Cell Theory states:
1) __________________________________________________________________________________
2) __________________________________________________________________________________
3) __________________________________________________________________________________
With microscopes, ______________________________ is the ability to make things look larger than they
are, while ______________________________ is the sharpness or clarity of the image.
The Cell in it’s Environment (pgs. 40 – 44)
The cell membrane is ___________________________________, which means that some substances can
pass through it while others cannot.
Describe the main differences between passive transport and active transport.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2 types of passive transport: ________________________________ _______________________________
Diffusion: _______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Osmosis: ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
What would happen to a plant’s cells if you watered the plant with salt water? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking Inside Cells (pgs. 23 – 31)
The cell is the basic unit of life. All organisms are made up of one or more cells. Cells are very small (most
are microscopic) and come in different shapes. Cells contain tiny structures called organelles that carry out
specific functions.
LABEL THE CELLS BELOW.
Plant and Animal Cells Graphic Organizer
Directions: Place a check in the appropriate box or boxes indicating whether the cell structure is typically
found in plant cells, animal cells, or both. Then describe the function of each cell structure.
Plant
Cells
Cell Wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
Golgi Bodies
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Vacuole
Animal
Cells
Function
Chemical Compounds in Cells (pgs. 33 – 37)
Compound: ______________________________________________________________________________
Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds: _________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
The 4 most important organic compounds found in cells: _________________________________________
___________________________
___________________________
_____________________________
The most abundant chemical compound in cells: __________________________________
Proteins are made up of ___________________________________.
_________________________ are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
2 Nucleic Acids: _________________________ & _________________________
What is the main function of nucleic acids? _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Photosynthesis (pgs. 50 – 54)
Autotroph: ______________________________________________________________________________
Heterotroph: _____________________________________________________________________________
The process in which plants use the sun’s energy to make food: _____________________________________
The chemical equation for photosynthesis: _____________________________________________________
2 raw materials for photosynthesis: _____________________________ ____________________________
Source of energy for photosynthesis: __________________________________________________________
2 products of photosynthesis: _______________________________ _______________________________
Where photosynthesis takes place: ____________________________________________________________
The green pigment found in chloroplasts that captures the sun’s energy: ______________________________
Respiration (pgs. 55-59)
The process in which cells break down glucose to release energy: ___________________________________
The chemical equation for cellular respiration: _________________________________________________
2 raw materials for cellular respiration: ___________________________ ___________________________
3 products of cellular respiration: ____________________ ____________________ _________________
Where cellular respiration takes place: _________________________________________________________
The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy without using oxygen: ________________
2 types of fermentation: _________________________________ _________________________________
Cell Division (pgs. 61 – 68)
In the table below, list the six stages of the cell cycle in order and describe the key event(s) of that stage:
Cell Cycle Stage
Key Events
I______________________
P______________________
M_____________________
A______________________
T______________________
C______________________
The longest stage of the cell cycle: ______________________________
Cell stage in which the nucleus divides and one copy of DNA is given to each daughter cell: ______________
The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself is called __________________________________.
What DNA stands for: ________________________________________
DNA shape: ________________________________________
Main function of DNA: _____________________________________________________________________
DNA is contained in your ______________________________.
In the space below, sketch a DNA molecule. Label the following: Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Adenine,
Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
Mendel’s Work (pgs. 80 – 85)
Traits: __________________________________________________________________________________
Heredity: ________________________________________________________________________________
Genetics: ________________________________________________________________________________
The factors that control traits are called ______________________________.
The different forms of a gene are called ______________________________.
A _________________________ allele is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when it is present.
A _________________________ allele is masked whenever a dominant allele is present.
Probability and Genetics (pgs. 88 – 93)
____________________________ is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.
If you flip a coin what is the probability that it will land heads up? ___________________________________
An organism’s genetic makeup, or specific allele combination, is called its ___________________________.
An organism’s visible physical traits are called its ___________________________.
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is ___________________________.
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait is ___________________________.
In ___________________________, neither allele is dominant or recessive.
Create a Punnett square crossing a homozygous person with dimples and a person without dimples. Dimples
are dominant.
a. Is the parent without dimples heterozygous? ____________________
b. What percent of the offspring will have dimples? _________________
c. What percent of the offspring will be homozygous? _______________
d. What is the genotype for offspring 1? _________________________
e. What is the phenotype for offspring 1? ________________________
The Cell and Inheritance (pgs. 96 – 100)
Human body cells have __________ chromosomes.
Human sex cells have __________ chromosomes.
Male sex cell: _________________________
Female sex cell: _________________________
The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells is called ___________