Download Chapter 9 Part 3 - Guthrie Public Schools

Learning Goals
The
students will
understand what conditions
were like for the Indians
after the Civil War.
Destroying the Territory
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The Civil War in Indian Territory was fought
Indian against Indian and no tribe was left out.
Battles were fought in all areas of the Territory
and refugees roamed from one area to another.
Negotiating Reconstruction Treaties
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Although the term “Reconstruction” applied to Federal dealings with all of
the South after the Civil War, it was especially applicable in Indian Territory.
The map of Indian Territory was completely reconstructed.
Four of the Five Tribes had furnished loyal warriors to the Union cause
during the war, and all four tribes boasted more Union Soldiers than
confederate.
The Western tribes also signed treaties with the Confederacy, but most of
their warriors fought for the Union.
Despite these facts, Cooley informed the Indian leaders that they had
forfeited their annuities and lands.
He made it clear that the federal government intended to punish them for
their supposed part in the war.
Conditions of the Treaties
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The severity of the treaties depended largely on the bargaining power held by the
individual tribes. The Choctaws and Chickasaws displayed a united front as Southern
sympathizers and received the best treaty terms.
Although the Cherokees were divided John Ross obtained leniency for the whole tribe.
The Creeks and the Seminoles however were forced to sign confessions of war guilt.
The Seminoles ceded all of their tribal lands and were given a small area of the Creek
nation.
As a group all five tribes ceded the western half of Indian Territory and agreed to the
construction of two railroads across the Territory – one north–south railroad and one
east-west railroad.
Regardless of the hardships they inflicted, the Reconstruction treaties did allow the
Indians the re-establish themselves under their own governments and did not require a
federal territorial government.
Reconstruction
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Indian territory boundaries much different
after war.
4 out of 5 Civilized tribes had given more
warriors to Union than South. Choctaws
only tribe that stayed loyal to the
Confederates
Union called Indians traitors because they
signed treaties with South because South
forced them to.
Reconstruction Con’t.
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Union said since Indians were traitors they had to
give back their land.
Choctaws and Chickasaws biggest Southern
sympathizers and got best treaty terms
Creeks and Seminoles had committed and lost
most warriors but had to sign the most confessions
of war guilt.
Had to give away their land.
All 5 Civilized tribes had to agree to give away
Western part of Indian territory
Post War
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Agreed to allow 2 railroads: 1) North-South
2) East-West
Cherokees, Creeks and Seminoles were
forced to make citizens of their former
slaves.
Choctaws and Chickasaws given option of
adopting the blacks or having them removed
Post War con’t.
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Gov. agreed to pay Choctaws and
Chickasaws for ceded land but said they
would use the money for relocating former
slaves
Both tribes decided to relocated former
slaves but gov. neglected their removal and
freedmen remained in territory
Choctaws adopted former slaves but
Chickasaws held out
Chapter 9 Section 3 Quiz
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1.) 4 out of 5 of the Civilized tribes provided warriors for
who during the Civil War?
a.) The Union
b.) The Confederates
c.) The Slave owning states
2.) What happened to the Indians in regards to their lands
after the Civil War?
a.) The Union allowed them to keep most of their land due
to their loyalty
b.) The Confederacy allowed them to keep most of their
land due to their loyalty
c.) The Federal Government forced them to forfeit their
lands although they were loyal to the union
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3.) Why did the Choctaws and Chickasaws receive the best
treaty terms?
a.) Because they stayed united as Union sympathizers
b.) Because they stayed united as Confederate
sympathizers
c.) Because they were able to remain neutral and had the
most bargaining power
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4.) What two tribes were forced to sign confessions of guilt
for war crimes committed?
a.) Creeks and Seminoles
b.) Choctaws and Chickasaws
c.) Cherokee and Choctaws
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5.) What tribe was forced to cede their land and move to a
small area of the Creek Nation?
a.) Chickasaws
b.) Seminoles
c.) Cherokee
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6.) Name one positive thing that the ceding of their land did
for the Indian tribes?
a.) It proved to the settlers that they were not going to be
able to defeat and remove the Indians
b.) The Indian tribes ended up with better land than they
had before they were forced to cede their land
c.) The Indian tribes were able to re-establish themselves
under their own government
7.) Describe the Indian Territory boundaries after the Civil
War.
a.) They became very different
b.) They pretty much stayed the same
c.) The Indian Territory was pretty much eliminated
8.) Which Indian tribe was the only tribe to stay loyal to the
Confederate?
a.) Chickasaws
b.) Seminoles
c.) Choctaws
9.) What were the Cherokees, Creeks and Seminoles forced
to do with their former slaves?
a.) They were forced to give them to Southern slave owners
b.) They were forced to give them to Union slave owners
c.) They were forced to make them citizens
10.) What did the Government say they were going to do
with the money they agreed to pay the Choctaws and
Chickasaws for their ceded land?
a.) They said they were going to use it for to relocated the
former slaves
b.) They said they were going to use it to help set up the
new Indian Territory government
c.) They said they were going to use it to build schools and
other civic buildings in Indian territory