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Physics preAP
Spring Review
Study Guide
All units and PPTs are available on my website.
The chapters include:
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 12, 13, 14, 15 as well as sections on Circular Motion
and Thermal Equilibrium
SUMMARY OF CONCEPTS:
I.
Circ. Motion and Gravitation
Ch. 7 (pps. 257 – 265)
Uniform circular motion occurs when a constant acceleration is perpendicular to the
tangential velocity.
The net force and acceleration are directed toward the center of the circular path.
Different forces may act as the centripetal force: tension, friction and gravity.
Every object of mass attracts every other object of mass with a force (Fg)
This force is directly proportional to the product of the two masses
And inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
(an inverse square relationship)
II. Thermal Equilibrium and specific heat
Ch. 10 (pps. 358-367 and 371-385)
Heat is the transfer of energy between objects of different temperature
Temp is a measure of the internal energy of a substance
Know and convert between temp scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin
Calculate with specific heat
Interpret sections of a heating curve
Perform calorimetry calculations
III.
Electric forces and fields (Ch. 17)
There are two types of electric charge and charge is conserved – measured in
Coulombs
Conductors and insulators can be charged by contact
Conductors can be charged by induction
Calculate E force using Coulomb’s law
Force is proportional to product of charges
Force is inversely proportional to square of distance (inverse square)
Force is a vector and total force is vector sum of all forces acting on a charge
An E field exists around a charge – know directions of + and – field lines
E field is the force per unit charge – measured in Newton/Coulomb – direction
of field vector determined by direction of field on a positive test charge
E field is a vector and total field is vector sum of all fields at a position
IV. Electric potential and energy (Ch. 18)
A charge possesses electric potential energy (measured in Joules) because of its
position in a field
Electric potential - defined as energy per unit charge; measured in Volts
Potential changes as a charge changes position in a field
Work is done when a charge gains or loses potential
when work is done there is a change in KE (1/2mv2)
Capacitance is measured as charge / potential difference (Coulomb/Volt) – called the
Farad
Capacitance is directly proportional to area of the capacitor plates
and inversely proportional to the distance between the plates
V.
Current, Resistance and Circuits (Ch. 19 and 20)
Current is rate of charge flow ( coulomb/sec) measured in amperes
Distinguish between conventional current and electron flow
Resistance is proportional to the resistivity (rho) of the material and length
It is inversely proportional to cross section
Resistance is directly related to the temperature of the material
Resistance, voltage and current are related in Ohm’s Law (V = IR)
Electric Power is the rate of energy consumed (P = IV)
A basic circuit contains a voltage source and a resistor
Resistors in series: Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
Resistors in parallel: 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
(don’t forget to take the reciprocal  Req )
In series: current constant and voltage used relative to size of resistor
In parallel: voltage constant and current flow relative to size of resistor
VI. Magnetism and Induction (Ch. 21 (all) and 22 sec. 1); Transformers (p. 815)
Moving charges produce magnetic fields – like poles repel and unlike attract
Know difference between geographic and magnetic poles of the Earth
Field produced by domains in magnetic material
Current-carrying wire: B field produced in a circular path around the wire
(use RHR to determine direction of field)
Calculate and predict direction of force on a current wire or charge in a B field
Current wire: use RHR to determine direction of current, applied field
and direction of force on wire
Charged particle: use RHR to determine direction of velocity, applied field
and direction of force on charge
Only moving charges can be affected by an outside B field
The force produced on the charge is a centripetal force
Changing a magnetic field induces an emf in a conductor
Calculate strength of emf with Faraday’s Law
Transformers use induction to change the potential difference
V2/V1 = N2/N1 (V is voltage and N is number of turns of wire)
VII.
Vibrations and Waves (SHM) and Sound (Ch. 12 and 13.1)
In SHM the restoring force is proportional to displacement
Use Hooke’s law to relate elastic Force to spring constant and displacement
F = -kx
Relate position with acceleration, force and velocity (p. 445)
Calculate period and frequency – they are inversely related
Calc. period for pendulum and mass-spring system
Waves and wave interactions
Longitudinal (compression) vs. transverse waves
Recognize amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period
Formation of standing waves – recognize nodes and antinodes
Predict wavelength and frequency from standing wave pattern
Distinguish between mechanical and EM waves
Sound is mechanical wave; relate frequency to pitch
Calculate speed of sound
Recognize Doppler shift as perceived change in frequency due to motion
Review light, reflection and refraction from recent work.
Suggested review problems to check at the end of the chapter:
The problems listed are suggested for practice. If the question is an even-number feel free to stop
by to find the answer in the teacher’s edition.
Circular motion and gravitation:
See the problems on the PPTs
Thermal equilibrium:
10, 13, 25, 29, 47
Ch. 10:
Ch. 17:
17, 19, 28, 39, 41, 53
Ch. 18:
13, 21, 27, 37
Ch. 19:
7, 17, 21, 29, 41
Ch. 20:
11, 12, 17, 19, 23, 35, 43
Ch. 21:
22, 26, 35, 38, 39
Ch. 12:
13, 19, 25, 31, 35, 45, 47
Ch. 13:
5, 7, 13, 23, 30, 39, 41, 43
Reflection/Refraction: utilize material from last unit
Also - your daily quizzes are a good resource for reviewing.