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Name __________________________ Class Period ________ Date _______________ Study Guide for Test on Astronomy: The Universe and Our Solar System 1. What causes day and night on Earth?_____________________________________________ 2. Earth’s rotation on its axis takes about_________. It’s revolution around the sun takes _______________. 3. What 2 forces combine to keep the planets in orbit? a) keeps planets from spiraling into space ______________ b) keeps planets revolving around the sun ______________ 4. Is a light-year a unit of time? Explain. ______________Why?____________________________. 5. At what point in the evolution of a star is the star actually born? 6. What is Hubble’s law? 7. The most common chemical element in a star is? ___________________ 8. If a star dies and explodes, it becomes a _____________________________________ 9. An object in space that has a long orbit and is made of ice, dust and gases is called a(n)_________ 10. Objects that originate between Mars and Jupiter and are made of metal or rock and can be very large are ________ 11. All stars begin their lives as parts of__________________________________ 12. What force pulls together the matter in stars?_________________________________ 13. What property determines how long a star lives? ____________________________________ Short Answer: 14. What is a galaxy?____________________________________________________________ 15. What is the Big Bang Theory? _______________________________________________________ 16. What is the most common type of star in the Milky Way galaxy? ______________________________________________ 17. How is distance measured in the universe? __________________________________________ 18. In which galaxy do we live? __________________________________What kind of galaxy is it? ___________ At what location in our galaxy is our solar system?________________________ 19. Which planet is considered Earth’s twin due to its size? _____________________________Besides its diameter, what else does it have in common with Earth? _______________________________________ 20. What is the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor and a meteorite?______________________________ 21. The solar system consists of ____________________________________________________ 22. What did Galileo observe about Venus that led him to his theory of the heliocentric system? ___________________________________________________________________________ 23. Before Galileo’s refining of the telescope, what did early astronomers think was the center of the solar system? ________________________________________________________________ 24. What was this system called? ____________________________________________________ 25. Which are the terrestrial (inner) planets? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 26. Which are the gas giants? ______________________________________________________ 27. _______________________ are chunks of ice and dust with long elliptical orbits. 28. Describe the life of a main sequence star. 29. Describe the Doppler effect and how it relates to the universe expansion. 30. What kind of tectonic boundary does the mid ocean ridge lie on? 31. What is the parent material for a metamorphic rock? 32. What is the difference between comets, meteors, and asteroids? 33. Why does Mercury have very little atmosphere? 34. Why can astronomers see the surface of Mars clearly but not the surface of Venus? 35. Why is Venus hotter than Mercury when Mercury is the 1st planet from the sun and Venus is the 2nd planet from the sun? Essay Question: Differentiate between a geocentric and heliocentric model. Who were they key players in developing both models? (5 pts) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________