Download Causes and Beginning of the Civil War

United States in World War II. Teheran, Yalta, Potsdam.
Topic 17
Four Freedoms Speech
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon
four essential human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech and expression -- everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -- everywhere in the
world.
The third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic
understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide
reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be
in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor -- anywhere in the
world.
That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in
our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called “new
order” of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
Lend-Lease Act
A law passed by Congress on March 11, 1941, during World War II, allowing the president to
“sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of” weapons and materials
to help defend nations vital to U.S. security. Suggested by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in
December 1940 to help countries fighting the Axis, it provided $31.6 billion to Britain and
$11 billion to the USSR.
US Military Dictionary
1941
6 January – 4 Freedoms proclamation by FDR (speech, worship, from want, from fear)
11 March – Lend-Lease Act – empowers the President to supply war materials to any country
whose defence appears vital for USA
22 June – German attack on USSR; Churchill offers USSR help
25 June – executive order 8802: "There shall be no discrimination in the employment of
workers in defense industries and in Government, because of race, creed, color, or national
origin."
9-12 August – Atlantic Charter drafted by Roosevelt and Churchill on board of “Prince of
Wales”; signed on 14th
7 December – Pearl Harbour
8 December – USA declare war on Japan
11 December – Germany & Italy declare war on USA
1942
1 January – Washington Pact – declaration by 26 nations at war with the Axis powers not to
conclude separate armistice (Declaration of the United Nations)
11 June – Treaty between USA and USSR on cooperation at war
18-26 June – 2nd Washington Conference – establishing of second front
August – talks in Moscow regarding measures against Germany (Harriman represents FDR)
Fall – Jan Karski finds his way from occupied Poland to Britain; meeting Churchill and
F.D.Roosevelt he tells them about Holocaust – no reaction; during a meeting with the US
president, the latter interrupted account about extermination of Jews asking what was the
situation of horses in Poland
National War Labor Board; War Production Board; War Management Commission; Office of
Price Adminsitration; Office of War Information created
West Coast Japanes interned
Manhattan Project initiated
Battles of Coral Sea and Midway
1943
14-24 January – Casablanca Conference – Roosevelt and Churchill decide on landing in Sicily
and Germany’s “unconditional surrender”
12-25 May – Washington Conference – Roosevelt and Churchill decide on operation
“Overlord”
3 June – French Liberation Front of De Gaulle formed in Algiers
10 July-17 August – landing in Sicily by Allies
29 September – surrender of Italy
19-30 October – talks in Moscow regarding co-operation until final victory ; Polish case is
discussed by Eden, but Molotov attacked saying Poland violated the 1941 treaty
22-26 November – Cairo Conference – Roosevelt, Churchill, Chiang Kai-Shek - operations
against Japan
28 November-1 December – Teheran Conference – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin – decisions
on war strategy and Polish borders; Stalin attacks Polish underground, but Churchill and
Roosevelt accept Poland’s borders on Curzon line and Oder river
December – Eden in talks with Polish government declares that Teheran is not binding (Allies
still need 114,000 Polish troops in Italy).
1944
6 June – D-Day – Allied troops land in Normandy
21 August –7 October – Dumbarton Oaks Conference (USSR, USA, G. Britain, China) – draft
of UN Charter
9-18 October – Moscow meeting; spheres of influence (Churchill, Eden, Stalin)
Roosevelt reelected
USA retake the Phillipines
1945
4-11 February – Yalta Conference – future of liberated Europe
Battles of Iwo Jima (19 February – 24 March) and Okinawa (1 April – 21 June)
12 April – Roosevelt dies; Harry Truman becomes president
8 May – Germany surrenders
26 June – the United Nations charter signed in San Francisco
16 July – first successful nuclear test at Alamogordo, New Mexico
17 July – 2 August – Potsdam Conference (Truman, Churchill/Attlee, Stalin)
– decisions reached about the occupation of Germany, Poland’s western border, resettlement
of population of Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, war with Japan
6 August – a uranium-based weapon, Little Boy, was detonated above the Japanese city of
Hiroshima
9 August – a plutonium-based weapon, Fat Man, was detonated above the Japanese city of
Nagasaki
15 August (formally 2 September) - Japan surrenders