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Chapter 7 part 1: China’s First Civilizations I.China’s Geography -Huang He- flows more than 2900 miles across China -Chang Jiang- 3400 miles long and flows across central China -Very little farmland- mountains and deserts -Middle Kingdom established II. The Shang Dynasty -Belief that Huang He valley was the center of Chinese civilization -First rulers were probably part of the Xia dynasty -Shang kings- 1750 B.C. to 1122 B.C. -Anyang- China’s first capital -People were divided into groups- King and family were the most powerful group- Warlords and other royal officials were below the kingTraders and artisans were Next- FarmersSlaves -Belief in many spirits and gods -Early Chinese weriting- pictographs and ideographs -Bronze III. The Zhou Dynasty -Wu Wang- creation of the Zhou Dynasty -Ruled longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history -Kings- head of government -Bureaucracy- responsible for different areas of government- served under king -Mandate of Heaven- heavenly law that gave Zhou kings the power to rule -Dao- proper way kings were to rule their people -Irrigation and flood control systems were developed -Importance of silk -Warring States Chapter 7 Part 2: Life in Ancient China I. Life in Ancient China -Three main social classes- aristocrats, farmers, and merchants -Aristocrats- rich from farmers who used their land to grow crops -Most of Chinese people were farmers -Merchants were the lowest class. Aristocrats and farmers looked down on them -Families were large. Children were expected to work on farms -Filial piety- children had to respect elders and parents -Men considered more important than women. Men went to school, ran the gov’t, and fought wars. Women raised children and managed households. II. Chinese Thinkers -3 major theories- Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism -Confucius- great thinker and teacher -Confucianism taught that all men with a talent for gov’t should take part -Daoism teaches that people should give up worldly desires and encourages the importance of nature. Created by Laozi. -Legalism- society needs a system of harsh laws and punishments. Developed by Hanfeizi. Chapter 7 part 3: The Qin and Han Dynasties I. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi -Qin Shihuangdi- First Qin Emperor -Rule based on legalism -Abolished the officials’ authority to pass their posts on to their sons. Qin was the only person authorized to fill posts. -United China- created one type of currencyordered building of roads- and connected Chang Jiang to central China by canal -Great Wall of China was built -Dynasty was overthrown after Qin’s death II. The Han Dynasty -Liu Bang- founded the Han dynasty in 202 B.C. -Civil service examinations begin -population triples -new inventions- waterwheel, rudder, drill bits, steel, and paper -acupuncture- practice of easing pain III. The Silk Road -Silk- most valuable trade product -Silk Road- overland trade route IV. Major Changes in China -Buddhism spread from India to China -Han dynasty falls and civil war begins -Buddhism helped people cope with chaotic times