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Chapter 12 Section 1 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Reconstruction -- the reorganization and the rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War 2. Amnesty – The act of granting a pardon to a large group of people 3. Pocket Veto – Indirectly vetoing a bill by letting a session of Congress expire without signing the bill 4. Freedmen – Person freed from slavery Identify 1. Thaddeus Stevens – Representative from Pennsylvania, wanted to punish the south, radical republican 2. Radical Republicans – group that resisted Lincoln and did not want to reconcile with the south 3. Wade Davis Bill – A Reconstruction plan for the south, developed by moderate republicans, vetoed by Lincoln 4. Freedman’s Bureau – Given the task of feeding and clothing war refugees in the south – prevented starvation Chapter 12 Section 2 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Black Codes – Laws passed in the South after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedman and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers 2. Impeach – to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office Identify 1. Civil Rights Act – Granted citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. except Native Americans, this allowed African Americans to own property and guaranteed equal treatment in court 2. Fourteenth Amendment – Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., no state could derive any person life, liberty, or property 3. Military Reconstruction Act – Divided the former Confederacy into 5 military districts, union generals was placed in charge of each 4. Tenure of Office Act – Act that required the Senate to approve the removal of any government official Chapter 12 Section 1 Notes Reconstruction Plans Objectives : Contrast Lincoln’s plan to reunite the nation with that of the Radical Republicans Discuss life in the South immediately after the War The South destroyed, hundreds of thousands unemployed, homeless and hungry Economy terrible / Confederate $ worthless Transportation – majority was destroyed, bridges gone, miles of RR useless Agriculture systems were in chaos--- South must replace slave labor Reconstruction – rebuilding after the war Question – How would Confederate states rejoin the union? Lincoln’s Plan Started soon after the war Appointed governors for regions under control during the war Moderate plan – no punishment for the south Called – Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction Southerners had to take an oath of loyalty If 10% of state voters did this --- their state would be admitted back in The Radical Republican Plan Resisted Lincoln’s Plan – led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner—wanted to punish the South 3 Goals of this Plan No leader of Confederacy could return to politics Republican Party to be powerful in South Wanted federal government to help African Americans achieve political equality, and grant the right to vote Moderate Republicans thought that Lincoln’s plan was too easy, the Radical Republicans was too hard – so they developed the Wade Davis Bill Chapter 12 Section 2 Notes Congressional Reconstruction Objectives : Analyze the Reconstruction dispute between the President Johnson and Congress Describe the major features of Congressional Reconstruction Lincoln assassinated and it changed the Reconstruction plan Andrew Johnson was the new president – liked Lincoln’s plan Johnson’s Plan A new Proclamation of Amnesty Pardon all former citizens of the Confederacy who took an oath Did not pardon former Confederate officers, officials or rich – planter elite – those had to apply to the president individually North Carolina was made into a model state Plan got off to a good start – but caused problems when Southern officials re-entered politics Black Codes -- laws in the south that were unfair to Blacks – to override the codes the Civil Rights Acts and 14th Amendment were passed by Congress 1868 – There were 6 former Confederate states ready to readmit to Union Republicans tried to impeach Johnson Ulysses S. Grant became president in 1868 Violence in South / Union troops move to south 15th Amendment passed – Right to vote Radical Reconstruction Plan Dramatic impact on South Changed southern politics African Americans elected to public offices Chapter 12 Section 3 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Carpetbagger – Name given to Northerners who moved to the south after the Civil War and supported Republicans 2. Scalawag – Name given to southerners who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South 3. Graft – Acquisition of money in dishonest ways – as in bribing a politician Identify 1. Joseph Rainey – 1st African American elected to the House of Representatives 2. Hiram Revels – 1st African American elected to the U.S. Senate 3. Ku Klux Klan – Large organized secret society in the South, started in Pulaski, Tennessee. Their goal was to regain control of the south for the Democratic Party Chapter 12 Section 4 Vocabulary Definitions 1. Sin Tax – Federal tax on alcohol and tobacco 2. Tenant Farmer – Farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops 3. Sharecropper – Farmer who works land for an owner who provides equipment and seed and receives a share of the crop 4. Furnishing Merchant – Merchant who provides sharecroppers with supplies on credit at high interest rates 5. Crop Lien – Obligation placed on a farmer to repay a debt on crops 6. Debt Peonage – Condition of sharecroppers who could not pay off their debts and therefore could not leave the property they worked Identify 1. Horace Greely – Nominated for president by the liberal republicans to prevent Ulysses S. Grant from being reelected 2. Whiskey Ring – Scandal where a group of government officials and distillers in St. Louis cheated on taxes 3. Panic of 1873 – Economic crisis that caused banks to close, the stock market to drop, businesses to shut down and unemployment 4. Compromise of 1877 – A promise by Republicans to pull federal troops out of the South – If presidential candidate Hayes was elected Chapter 12 Section 3 Notes Republican Rule Objectives : Discuss the Republican rule in the South during Reconstruction Describe how African Americans worked to improve their lives By 1870 all southern states had reentered the Union African Americans Enter Politics Some AA leaders were educated before the Civil War They became mayors, police chiefs, school commissioners, state representatives, senators Many got educated Some established churches Reforms in the South Hospitals, orphanages, institutes for blind, hearing impaired and mentally ill were built Railroads, highways, and bridges were rebuilt Southern Resistance Many African Americans were resisted by whites Ku Klux Klan Chapter 12 Section 4 Notes Reconstruction Collapses Objectives : Discuss the problems and policies of Grant’s administration Explain how Reconstruction ended, and contrast the New South and Old South The Grant Administration Grants view of being the president was to carry out the laws He was a Civil War hero He was elected to 2 terms in office During his first term the Republican Party split He was blamed with policies that benefited the rich at the expense of the poor Grant’s second terms had scandals such as the Whiskey Ring, bad railroad investments, Panic of 1873 Reconstruction Ends Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president Republicans pulled federal troops out of the South – Reconstruction ended A “New South” Arises Southerners realized that the old south was gone and pushed for a New South with a strong industrial economy Northerners built railroads in the south