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Chapter 12
Section 1
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Reconstruction -- the reorganization and the
rebuilding of the former Confederate states after
the Civil War
2. Amnesty – The act of granting a pardon to a
large group of people
3. Pocket Veto – Indirectly vetoing a bill by
letting a session of Congress expire without
signing the bill
4. Freedmen – Person freed from slavery
Identify
1. Thaddeus Stevens – Representative from
Pennsylvania, wanted to punish the south,
radical republican
2. Radical Republicans – group that resisted
Lincoln and did not want to reconcile with the
south
3. Wade Davis Bill – A Reconstruction plan for
the south, developed by moderate republicans,
vetoed by Lincoln
4. Freedman’s Bureau – Given the task of
feeding and clothing war refugees in the south –
prevented starvation
Chapter 12
Section 2
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Black Codes – Laws passed in the South
after the Civil War aimed at controlling
freedman and enabling plantation owners to
exploit African American workers
2. Impeach – to formally charge a public
official with misconduct in office
Identify
1. Civil Rights Act – Granted citizenship to all
persons born in the U.S. except Native
Americans, this allowed African Americans to
own property and guaranteed equal treatment in
court
2. Fourteenth Amendment – Granted
citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in
the U.S., no state could derive any person life,
liberty, or property
3. Military Reconstruction Act – Divided the
former Confederacy into 5 military districts,
union generals was placed in charge of each
4. Tenure of Office Act – Act that required the
Senate to approve the removal of any
government official
Chapter 12
Section 1 Notes
Reconstruction Plans
Objectives :
 Contrast Lincoln’s plan to reunite the nation
with that of the Radical Republicans
 Discuss life in the South immediately after
the War
The South destroyed, hundreds of thousands
unemployed, homeless and hungry
Economy terrible / Confederate $ worthless
Transportation – majority was destroyed,
bridges gone, miles of RR useless
Agriculture systems were in chaos--- South must
replace slave labor
Reconstruction – rebuilding after the war
Question – How would Confederate states rejoin
the union?
Lincoln’s Plan
Started soon after the war
Appointed governors for regions under control
during the war
Moderate plan – no punishment for the south
Called – Proclamation of Amnesty &
Reconstruction
Southerners had to take an oath of loyalty
If 10% of state voters did this --- their state
would be admitted back in
The Radical Republican Plan
Resisted Lincoln’s Plan – led by Thaddeus
Stevens and Charles Sumner—wanted to punish
the South
3 Goals of this Plan
No leader of Confederacy could return to
politics
Republican Party to be powerful in South
Wanted federal government to help African
Americans achieve political equality, and grant
the right to vote
Moderate Republicans thought that Lincoln’s
plan was too easy, the Radical Republicans was
too hard – so they developed the Wade Davis
Bill
Chapter 12
Section 2 Notes
Congressional Reconstruction
Objectives :
 Analyze the Reconstruction dispute between
the President Johnson and Congress
 Describe the major features of
Congressional Reconstruction
Lincoln assassinated and it changed the
Reconstruction plan
Andrew Johnson was the new president – liked
Lincoln’s plan
Johnson’s Plan
A new Proclamation of Amnesty
Pardon all former citizens of the Confederacy
who took an oath
Did not pardon former Confederate officers,
officials or rich – planter elite – those had to
apply to the president individually
North Carolina was made into a model state
Plan got off to a good start – but caused
problems when Southern officials re-entered
politics
Black Codes -- laws in the south that were unfair
to Blacks – to override the codes the Civil
Rights Acts and 14th Amendment were passed
by Congress
1868 – There were 6 former Confederate states
ready to readmit to Union
Republicans tried to impeach Johnson
Ulysses S. Grant became president in 1868
Violence in South / Union troops move to south
15th Amendment passed – Right to vote
Radical Reconstruction Plan
Dramatic impact on South
Changed southern politics
African Americans elected to public offices
Chapter 12
Section 3
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Carpetbagger – Name given to Northerners
who moved to the south after the Civil War and
supported Republicans
2. Scalawag – Name given to southerners who
supported Republican Reconstruction of the
South
3. Graft – Acquisition of money in dishonest
ways – as in bribing a politician
Identify
1. Joseph Rainey – 1st African American
elected to the House of Representatives
2. Hiram Revels – 1st African American elected
to the U.S. Senate
3. Ku Klux Klan – Large organized secret
society in the South, started in Pulaski,
Tennessee. Their goal was to regain control of
the south for the Democratic Party
Chapter 12
Section 4
Vocabulary
Definitions
1. Sin Tax – Federal tax on alcohol and tobacco
2. Tenant Farmer – Farmer who works land
owned by another and pays rent either in cash or
crops
3. Sharecropper – Farmer who works land for
an owner who provides equipment and seed and
receives a share of the crop
4. Furnishing Merchant – Merchant who
provides sharecroppers with supplies on credit at
high interest rates
5. Crop Lien – Obligation placed on a farmer
to repay a debt on crops
6. Debt Peonage – Condition of sharecroppers
who could not pay off their debts and therefore
could not leave the property they worked
Identify
1. Horace Greely – Nominated for president by
the liberal republicans to prevent Ulysses S.
Grant from being reelected
2. Whiskey Ring – Scandal where a group of
government officials and distillers in St. Louis
cheated on taxes
3. Panic of 1873 – Economic crisis that caused
banks to close, the stock market to drop,
businesses to shut down and unemployment
4. Compromise of 1877 – A promise by
Republicans to pull federal troops out of the
South – If presidential candidate Hayes was
elected
Chapter 12
Section 3 Notes
Republican Rule
Objectives :
 Discuss the Republican rule in the South
during Reconstruction
 Describe how African Americans worked to
improve their lives
By 1870 all southern states had reentered the
Union
African Americans Enter Politics
Some AA leaders were educated before the Civil
War
They became mayors, police chiefs, school
commissioners, state representatives, senators
Many got educated
Some established churches
Reforms in the South
Hospitals, orphanages, institutes for blind,
hearing impaired and mentally ill were built
Railroads, highways, and bridges were rebuilt
Southern Resistance
Many African Americans were resisted by
whites
Ku Klux Klan
Chapter 12
Section 4 Notes
Reconstruction Collapses
Objectives :
 Discuss the problems and policies of Grant’s
administration
 Explain how Reconstruction ended, and
contrast the New South and Old South
The Grant Administration
Grants view of being the president was to carry
out the laws
He was a Civil War hero
He was elected to 2 terms in office
During his first term the Republican Party split
He was blamed with policies that benefited the
rich at the expense of the poor
Grant’s second terms had scandals such as the
Whiskey Ring, bad railroad investments, Panic
of 1873
Reconstruction Ends
Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president
Republicans pulled federal troops out of the
South – Reconstruction ended
A “New South” Arises
Southerners realized that the old south was gone
and pushed for a New South with a strong
industrial economy
Northerners built railroads in the south