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Ancient Civilizations: Why did some civilizations gain advantage over others? Roots of Global Civilizations, Mrs. Bernard While some hunt and gather, others develop major cities! #1 REVIEW: What development first led to civilizations? The development of farming (agriculture)! -This included domesticating animals for human purposes as well… #2 Where were the first successful major civilizations located? There were four main ancient civilizations which all developed around RIVER VALLEYS! Observe the map attached. Where were these sites located? #1 #2 #3 #4 #3 The first (oldest) river valley civilization… -MESOPOTAMIA: First cities began around 5000 BC -Located between and along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as the “Fertile Crescent” #4 The second oldest river valley civilization… EGYPT: One united Egyptian civilization formed by 3100 BC Located along the Nile River Valley in Northeastern Africa #5 Ancient Civilizations of Asia The oldest river valley civilizations in Asia were located in China (3000-2500 BC) There are two different rivers settled in ancient China The earliest Chinese civilizations developed along the Yellow and Yangtze River valleys (On map they are called “Huang” and “Chang” #6 Ancient Civilizations of Asia The youngest (2500 BC) of the ancient river valley civilizations is the Indus River civilization The Indus River is located to the Northwest of modern India If civilization is based on agriculture #7 (farming), what did each river valley civilization produce? Ancient Mesopotamia: – barley, onions, grapes, turnips, and apples #8 What was produced in ancient river valley civilizations? Ancient Egypt: – Wheat, honey, leeks, lettuce, cabbages and turnips, figs, dates, grapes #9 What was produced in ancient river valley civilizations? Ancient China: – Rice, wheat, millet, sorghum #10 What was produced in ancient river valley civilizations? Ancient Indus River Valley: – Wheat, barley, cotton, sugar cane and rice #11 How can the types of crops and other foods effect a civilization? THINK ABOUT: – What types of animals or technologies (or both) are needed to help grow the crops? – How difficult or INTENSIVE is growing the crop? Some crops grow with less work thanRice crops others! require constant For instance, once you plant a lettuce seed, you simply wait for it to grow! attention to keep out weeds and bugs/animals. How can the types of crops and other foods effect a civilization? Types of ANIMALS available in the area have a great impact: – What can be hunted for met – Which animals can be used for milk, hides, or wool – Which animals can be used for LABOR (like pulling a plow or carrying goods on its back!) For instance, camels have been carrying the goods of nomadic herders in Saudi Arabia for thousands of years! Farmer Flowchart- How does farming lead to civilizations? Farming Surplus Food Trade Specialization of Jobs Increased Population Settlements Major cities Accumulate wealth War (over resources) Slavery, Death