Download PAP Biology Fall Semester Exam Review (rev

PAP Biology Fall Semester Exam Review (rev. ‘11)
Classification
1. List the seven taxa in order from kingdom to species.
2. In Homo sapiens, what part is the genus? What part is the species name?
3. Which are more closely related, members of the same family or same genus?
4. What is the two part naming system used for all organisms?
5. Define taxonomy.
6. Who developed the basis for our modern classification system?
Origins
7. Define evolution.
8. Define biogenesis.
9. Who was Darwin?
10. What does prokaryotic mean?
11. What similarities do modern taxonomists use to classify living things?
12. What does eukaryotic mean?
13.. Which kingdoms contain bacteria?
14. What are homologous structures?
15. What do homologous structures tell us?
16. What is natural selection? What is it also called?
Ecology
17. What are some things we can do to protect species on Earth?
18. What is a food chain? What is a food web?
19. What are organisms which perform photosynthesis called? Where are they located in an
energy pyramid?
20. In an energy pyramid, how much energy is transferred to each higher level?
21. Define symbiosis. Name and describe three types.
22. Define competition.
Chapter 1
23. Define homeostasis.
24. List 5 characteristics of living things.
25. Define hypothesis.
26. Define control.
27. List the functions of the following microscope parts:
a) arm
c) body tube
b) base
d) eyepiece
28. List the steps used to focus a microscope.
29. What do the lenses of a microscope do to an image?
30. What is defined as a logical, orderly way to solve a problem?
31. What is a hypothesis that is supported by experimentation?
32. List in order the steps of the scientific method.
33. How do you calculate total magnification of a microscope?
34. Define sexual and asexual reproduction.
35. Define metabolism.
Biochemistry
35. What are the building blocks of proteins?
36. Give the molecular formula for glucose.
37. What makes a compound organic?
38. What is the function of carbohydrates like glucose?
39. What are enzymes? What factors affect their activity?
40. Where are acids found on the pH scale? Where are bases found on the pH scale?
41. What are electrically charged atoms?
42. What is the smallest particle of matter which still retains properties of an element?
43. What are atoms with a different number of neutrons, but the same number of protons?
44. What other information does the atomic number tell you?
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
Define ionic and covalent bonding.
What is the particle in an atom with a positive charge?
How many electrons can the first energy level of an atom hold?
How many different amino acids are there?
What elements are found in proteins?
Cell structure and function
50. What is the function of ribosomes?
51. What two types of molecules make up the cell membrane?
52. What is the function of the chloroplasts?
53. What is the function of the mitochondria?
54. What difference between plant and animal cells?
55. Define osmosis.
56. What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
57. In reference to the diagram to the right, in which direction will water move? Why?
Why won’t it reach equilibrium?
58. What are specialized structures in the cytoplasm of cells?
59. What is nucleoplasm?
60. What is the very thin structure which encloses a cell and controls what enters and leaves?
61. Which scientist was the first to record observing cells and built the first rough microscope?
62. What are small sacs with powerful digestive chemicals and are enclosed by membranes?
63. What are the large, clear, fluid-filled sacs used for storage?
64. What is the rigid outer structure made of cellulose in plant cells?
65. What is the mass of fibers within the nucleus of cells?
66. What is cytoplasm?
67. What is the command center of the cell?
68. List the parts of the cell theory.
69. Which organelle packages and distributes proteins?
70. What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? In a hypertonic solution?
71. Distinguish between passive and active transport.
72. What is pinocytosis? Phagocytosis?
73. What is necessary to move particles against the flow of diffusion?
74. List the properties of the cell membrane.
75. Name 4 structures found in all cells.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
76. Define cellular respiration.
77. Give the balanced equation for cellular respiration.
78. Which molecule in the cell traps and releases energy in controlled amounts?
79. What is the function of stomata on a leaf? Where are they located?
80. Define photosynthesis.
81. Define autotroph and heterotroph.
82. What is the green pigment which absorbs light energy in photosynthesis?
83. Contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
84. What compound causes sore muscles from anaerobic respiration?
85. In what part of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
86. What happens when a phosphate is removed from ATP?
87. What tissue transports water in a plant?
88. What tissue transports food (sugars) in a plant?
89. What part of the leaf is the waxy coating on the upper surface?