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14.1 NOTES: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places
in the body.
The heart has the job of pumping these things around the body
The heart pumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called blood vessels.
The heart and blood vessels together make up the ___________________________________.
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts.
o The ________________ side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.
o The ________________ side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.
HOW DOES THE HEART WORK?
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________________________________: Takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle,
oxygenates it, and returns it to the left atrium.
o Heart muscles relax and ______________________ blood enters the right atrium
o The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles.
o Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
o The valves close to stop blood from flowing ___________________________.
o The right ventricle contracts, forcing blood out into the pulmonary arteries.
 At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood.
o Blood travels from the pulmonary arteries to the right & left lungs & through the
capillaries of the _____________________.
o Blood drops the carbon dioxide & uptakes oxygen before heading back to the right
& left pulmonary veins (the ONLY veins that carry oxygenated blood).
o Pulmonary veins then empty into the left atrium where the blood flows into the left
ventricle and out to the body.
CIRCULATION
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Blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels.
There are 3 main types of blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary
_________________________: Function as highways for the transportation system of the body.
o Transports blood as it is propelled by the beating of the heart.
o 7% of blood volume found in the heart, 7% in the pulmonary system, 13% in the
arteries, and 65% in the veins.
Arteries
o Arteries carry blood _______________ from the heart.
 the elastic fibers allow the artery to stretch under high pressure
 the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
Veins
o Veins carry blood __________________ the heart.
 veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong
direction.
 body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the
body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
Capillaries
o Capillaries __________________________________
 they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
 The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur
through capillaries.
 the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick (for easy diffusion
o _______________________________: The movement of substances between blood and tissue.
Mainly exchanges Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Glucose, Amino Acids, & Hormones
o Exchange through __________________________
 The more surface area there is for exchange, the faster the gases and
nutrients will transfer into the tissue.
o A collection of capillaries is known as a __________________________.
Heart Rap: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqhvmUEdOYY
Pumps Your Blood: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY&feature=related
WHAT IS BLOOD?
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Red blood cells, white blood cells, oxygen, carbon dioxide, platelets, hormones, plasma,
waste, digested food
Red Blood Cells
o biconcave (indented on both sides) disc that is round and flat without a nucleus
o contain hemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to
cells that need it.
o can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as they squeeze single
file through the capillaries.
White Blood Cells
o there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
o the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages.
 macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms .
 some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders
by dissolving them.
 other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
o Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.
o Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibers to form a net. This net traps other blood
cells to form a blood clot.
Plasma
o A straw-colored liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.
o It also contains useful things like: carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids, proteins,
minerals, vitamins, hormones, waste materials like urea.
14.1 NOTES: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM





The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places
in the body.
The heart has the job of pumping these things around the body
The heart pumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called blood vessels.
The heart and blood vessels together make up the Circulatory System.
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts.
o The right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.
o The left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.
HOW DOES THE HEART WORK?

Pulmonary Circulation: Takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, oxygenates it,
and returns it to the left atrium.
o Heart muscles relax and deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium
o The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles.
o Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle.
o The valves close to stop blood from flowing backwards.
o The right ventricle contracts, forcing blood out into the pulmonary arteries.
 At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood.
o Blood travels from the pulmonary arteries to the right & left lungs & through the
capillaries of the alveoli.
o Blood drops the carbon dioxide & uptakes oxygen before heading back to the right
& left pulmonary veins (the ONLY veins that carry oxygenated blood).
o Pulmonary veins then empty into the left atrium where the blood flows into the left
ventricle and out to the body.
CIRCULATION








Blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels.
There are 3 main types of blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary
Blood Vessels: Function as highways for the transportation system of the body.
o Transports blood as it is propelled by the beating of the heart.
o 7% of blood volume found in the heart, 7% in the pulmonary system, 13% in the
arteries, and 65% in the veins.
Arteries
o Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
 the elastic fibers allow the artery to stretch under high pressure
 the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
Veins
o Veins carry blood towards the heart.
 veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong
direction.
 body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the
body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
Capillaries
o Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
 they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
 The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur
through capillaries.
 the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick (for easy diffusion)
o Capillary Exchange: The movement of substances between blood and tissue.
Mainly exchanges Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Glucose, Amino Acids, & Hormones
o Exchange through diffusion
 The more surface area there is for exchange, the faster the gases and
nutrients will transfer into the tissue.
o A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
Heart Rap: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqhvmUEdOYY
Pumps Your Blood: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY&feature=related
WHAT IS BLOOD?








Red blood cells, white blood cells, oxygen, carbon dioxide, platelets, hormones, plasma,
waste, digested food
Red Blood Cells
o biconcave (indented on both sides) disc that is round and flat without a nucleus
o contain hemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to
cells that need it.
o can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as they squeeze single
file through the capillaries.
White Blood Cells
o there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
o the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages.
 macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms .
 some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders
by dissolving them.
 other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
o Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.
o Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibers to form a net. This net traps other blood
cells to form a blood clot.
Plasma
o A straw-colored liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.
o It also contains useful things like: carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids, proteins,
minerals, vitamins, hormones, waste materials like urea.
Heart Rap: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqhvmUEdOYY
Pumps Your Blood: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY&feature=related
Pumps Your Blood: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY&feature=related