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English 11 1 Literary Barricades Sometimes when we read, we come upon sentences that are real bears to get through. They are loooooong, have more internal punctuation than we are used to dealing with in our own writing, and the words - oy! - the words. But the strong reader in us insists that we have to make sense of these barricade sentences if we are to fully comprehend and enjoy the writing. Literary Work (title and author)____________________________________________________ STEP 1: As you read, number each paragraph and then start barricading the sentence. STEP 2: Chunk the sentence by its parts, as guided by its punctuation. (Punctuation is your friend! Embrace it.) Next, determine the core components of the sentence and paraphrase its basic meaning. Finally, after figuring out what the author’s saying, break down what the author is doing. Explain the author's purpose for creating this barricade. Why does he/she want you to slow down and take notice? How does he/she create a syntax (sentence structure) that mirrors the sentence content? Paraphrase During a dark quiet day in the Fall when the clouds hung down above us I had been riding alone on horseback through a lonely place and found myself by myself as the darkness of the evening increased I came upon a dreary house EXAMPLE: Sentence #1 of Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher" Write sentence the way you think it might sound if the author read it to you. During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on , within view of the melancholy House of Usher. Core components (Important/Essential Part of Sentence): ". . . at length [I] found myself . . . within view of the melancholy House of Usher." Paraphrase (What the author is saying): The lone speaker, at the end of a dreary fall day, approaches a house which he finds dreary. Author's Structure (What is the author doing—Why is he writing this sentence in this way? What is he trying to get across?): Using dark and oppressive diction in consecutive phrases, Poe introduces readers to his dark, end-of-the-road and end-of-existence setting. Just as the story itself builds toward its punch, so does this "lengthy" introductory sentence; Poe makes readers peer around each phrase and clause of the sentence like the narrator peers around bends and bushes before he gets to the soulless house enveloping the full darkness of not only the house but its existence. Questions to ask yourself when analyzing for what an author is saying and what an author is doing… What is the author SAYING? What is the author DOING? What is this section about? The author is giving an example of…so that… What is the author saying? What is the content? What did I lean from this paragraph? What information is being presented? The author is interpreting data…so that… The author is sharing an anecdote…so that… The author is summarizing research…so that… The author is reflecting on a process…so that… The author is contrasting one idea to another…so that… The author is listing data…so that… The author is using (literary device/rhetorical strategy) so that… English 11 2 Sentence # 1 Paraphrase Write sentence the way you think it might sound if the author read it to you. Core components: _________________________________________________________________________________ Paraphrase (what is author saying?): ___________________________________________________________________ Author's Structure (what is author doing?) : ______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sentence # 2 Write sentence the way you think it might sound if the author read it to you. Paraphrase Core components: _________________________________________________________________________ Paraphrase (what is author saying?): ___________________________________________________________ Author's Structure (what is author doing?) : _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________