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Lecture Notes: CH 10 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Dissolved gases, Temperature, and Composition in the magma Volcanic Material __________clastic Materials _________________produced in volcanic eruptions. ____________ ejected during eruptions ____________ in size (fine dust and __________ (less than ___ millimeters) to pieces that weigh tons. Types of Volcanoes Shield Volcanoes large, ____________________ volcanoes built from _________________ lavas. Cinder Cones ______________________ volcanoes built primarily of ________________ material ejected from a single vent. Composite Cones (______________________________________) composed of both ____________________________ Known as ______________-volcanoes Most are adjacent to the _________________________ (Pacific Ocean) (e.g., Mt. Rainier and _________________). Large size Interbedded lavas and pyroclastics __________________ (due to size) type of activity 10.2 Intrusive Igneous Activity Plutons intrusive igneous structures that result from the ________________________ (classified by _________________, and relationship to surrounding rock layers) Lava Plateaus _______________________ extruded from crustal fractures _____________ Sills and ______________ Are _________ that form when magma is __________________ to the surface. Sills ________________________________ and may exhibit columnar joints. Laccoliths are _________-shaped masses that arch overlying strata upward. Dikes ______-shaped intrusive igneous features that _____________________ layers. Batholiths - _________ masses of __________- formed when magma ________________, became crystallized, and subsequently ______________________. must have a surface exposure ___________________ to be a batholith. Origin of Magma originates when solid __________ the ___________ (crust and upper mantle), partially _____________ by raising temperature above melting point Role of Heat - The geothermal ____________—Earth’s natural ____________________ (________ deg C every _________!) with depth but is not sufficient to melt rock in the _________ Role of Water (ocean) - Causes rock _________________________ temperature 10.3 Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity Divergent Plate Boundaries _________ volcanic rock is _________ along ____________________ system. Volcanoes Under the Ocean • Seamount: an _______________________________ • Look much like _______________/composite volcanoes Intraplate Igneous Activity Intraplate volcanism activity within (______________________) a tectonic plate Most intraplate volcanism: a mass of __________________ material (mantle plume) rises. Where Do Volcanoes Occur? Along the _______________________________________ • ________________: volcano that occurs in the _________________________ – Mantle plume rise from _________________ the mantle – An ___________________________ if lava & ash build up – As the plate keeps moving, a __________ develops (___________Islands) In which of the following areas is a volcano least likely to form? ___________________ Which type of volcano is the smallest and most abundant and tends to be active for short periods of time? ____________________________________________ Draw Pictures of each of the 3 types of volcanoes then compare with the back
