Download CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems Lesson 1 – Body Systems

CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems
Lesson 1 – Body Systems
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What are Body Systems?
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Cells – A cell is the basic unit of all living _______________.
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Tissue – A group of _______________ cells working together is called a tissue.
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Organ – A group of tissues that work together is called an _______________.
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Body System – A group of organs working together to complete a _______________ is
called a body system.
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Body systems are made of organs. Organs are made of tissues. Tissues are made of cells.
Body Systems Work Together
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Relationship Between Body Systems – Each body system plays a _______________
role in the body. However, the systems work together to make sure that the body
maintains homeostasis.
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What Is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the condition in which the body’s internal
conditions are at a _______________ state.
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Body Systems Depend on Each Other
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One for All and All for One – Because your body systems are so dependent on each
other, caring for each system helps _______________ the others as well. When the health
of one system improves, the health of all the other systems also improves.
Lesson 2 – The Skeletal System
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Bones and Joints
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Bones – A bone is an organ of the _______________ system. Bones are hard because
they store minerals.
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Bone Marrow – Inside a bone is soft tissue called bone _______________. Bone
marrow makes blood cells for the body.
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Joints – A joint is a place where _______________ or more bones meet.
Bone and Joint Development
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Cartilage – Before birth, most of the bones in a baby’s body are made of cartilage.
Cartilage is a soft, flexible _______________.
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Bone Formation – Cartilage starts changing to bone before a baby is _______________.
The soft tissue hardens and becomes bone tissue as minerals, such as calcium, build up in
the bone. This change is not finished until a person is around 18 years old.
Lesson 3 – The Muscular System
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Many Kinds of Muscles
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Skeletal Muscle – Skeletal muscle is muscle that is attached to bones.
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CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems
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Smooth Muscle – Smooth muscle is muscle that forms some _______________ organs.
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Cardiac Muscle – Cardiac muscle is muscle that forms the _______________.
Muscles and Movement
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How Muscles Move Bones – When skeletal muscles contract, they _______________ on
bones. When a muscle contracts, its two ends are pulled towards its center. If the two
ends are attached to different bones, the bones are pulled towards each other.
Lesson 4 – The Digestive System
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Food and Nutrients
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What Is Digestion? Digestion is the process of _______________ down food into a
form your body can use.
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What Are Nutrients? Nutrients are substances in food that the body needs to
_______________ properly.
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Solid Waste
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The Large Intestine and Food Material – The large intestine _______________ water
and salts from the remaining food material. The parts of food that the body cannot use
become solid waste.
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Nondigestive Waste Material
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The Kidneys – The kidneys mix wastes with water to form urine. Urine is released from
the body by the urinary system.
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The Lungs – Carbon dioxide is released from the body when you _______________.
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The Skin – Sweat glands in the skin remove salt and water by _______________.
Lesson 5 – The Circulatory System
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Blood
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Blood is made of the following things:
1. _______________
2. Red blood cells
3. _______________ blood cells
4. Platelets
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Arteries – Arteries carry blood _______________ from the heart to various organs.
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Veins – Veins carry blood from various parts of the body back to the heart.
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Capillaries – Capillaries are very small _______________ that connect arteries and
veins. Some capillaries are so small that you need a microscope to see them.
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The Heart
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The heart muscle contracts to pump blood through the blood _______________.
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CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems
Lesson 6 – The Respiratory System
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The Path of Air
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Air enters the body through the _______________ and the mouth and then moves to the
pharynx, or throat. The air moves through the following organs next:
1. Larynx
2. Trachea
3. Bronchi
4. _______________
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Gas Exchange
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The Alveoli – The _______________ and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the alveoli.
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The Capillaries of the Lungs – The blood in the lung’s capillaries picks up oxygen from
the alveoli and delivers it to the body’s _______________. When the blood returns to the
lungs, it brings carbon dioxide.
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The Breathing Process
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Inhalation – Inhalation is the process in which the air _______________ the lungs.
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Exhalation – Exhalation is the process in which the air _______________ the lungs.
Lesson 7 – The Nervous System
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Parts of the Nervous System
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The Brain – The major organ in the nervous system is the brain. Different parts of the
brain control different _______________ functions.
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The Spinal Cord – The spinal cord is an organ that carries messages to and from the
brain. These messages travel through groups of _______________.
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Nerves – A nerve is a bundle of cells that conducts messages from one part of the body to
another.
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Responding to Stimuli
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What Are Stimuli? Changes that cause a reaction are called stimuli. The eyes, ears,
tongue, _______________, and skin sense stimuli outside the body and send messages to
the brain and spinal cord through nerves.
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Reflexes – An automatic response to stimuli is called a _______________.
Lesson 8 – Taking Care of Your Body Systems
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Getting Exercise
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Helping the Skeleton and Muscles – Exercise keeps bones, joints, and muscles strong
and _______________.
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CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems
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Helping the Heart – Exercise strengthens the _______________, because the heart
works faster during exercise.
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Eating Healthy Foods
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Vitamins and Minerals – Vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables help a
person _______________ and function properly.
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Proteins – Protein from meat and dairy products helps build strong muscles and tissues.
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Carbohydrates – Carbohydrates from grains are a good source of _______________.
Avoiding Tobacco and Other Drugs
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Poisoning Your Body – Tobacco products, alcohol, and illegal drugs can harm every
system in your _______________.
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Damaging Your Nervous System – Drugs can change how the nervous system works.
Because of this danger, drugs can affect the entire body.
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Getting Enough Sleep
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The body repairs and heals injured parts during _______________. Without enough
sleep, many organs—especially the brain—will not function correctly.
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Drinking Water
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Drinking enough water can prevent many health problems. Most people should drink
_______________ glasses of water each day.
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