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Biology 12
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT
Part I.
Vocabulary and Question Assignment
1.
2.
Explain why digestion of food in humans is called an extracellular process?
What are the functions of the digestive system?
Mouth.
3.
4.
5.
Distinguish between chemical and mechanical digestion. How is food mechanically digested in the mouth?
Why is salivary amylase classed as a hydrolytic enzyme?
Once again, what is the role of water in the digestion of starch or any nutrient polymer? Be specific…think biomolecules
Pharynx
6.
Identify the need for an epiglottis.
Esophagus
7.
8.
9.
Explain the term peristalsis. Is it a voluntary process?
Where else does peristalsis occur in the digestive system? Why would peristalsis be a rather slow-acting set of muscle
contractions in other parts of the digestive system?
Describe the structure and operation of a sphincter. Name the sphincter separating the stomach and esophagus
2
Stomach
10.
11.
12.
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14.
How is food mechanically digested in the stomach?
List 3 roles of HCl in the stomach.
What is meant by the term acid chyme?
Name the sphincter that separates the stomach and small intestine. .
What enzyme is present in the stomach? What is its inactive form called?
Small Intestine
15.
16.
17.
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21.
Would the emulsification of fat by bile salts be an example of chemical or physical (mechanical) digestion? Explain.
What is the benefit of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), being secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine?
What is the role of pancreatic juice?
Insulin is made by the pancreas and secreted into the blood, not the intestine. Explain its importance to the body.
What is the general role of enzymes secreted from the duodenum?
Why are ALL digestive enzymes described as hydrolytic?
List 6 major roles of the liver.
Large Intestine
22.
23.
24.
25.
What are the functions of the colon (= large intestine)?
Fiber can help prevent constipation, explain how.
What is the value of bacteria found in the large intestine?
Explain what would happen to cause a person to have diarrhea
3
Organ/Region
PH
Mouth
Substrate
Enzyme
Starch
Stomach
Origin of Enzyme
Product or Products
Salivary glands
Pepsin
Small Intestine
Duodenum (lumen)
8.0
Lipid
(bile)
fatty acids and glycerol
Small Intestine
(sodium bicarbonate)
8.0
Trypsin
Small Intestine
8.0
Amylase
Small Intestine
8.0
Small Intestine
8.0
Small Intestine
8.0
Small Intestine
8.0
Peptides
Sucrase
glucose and glucose
Absorbed by villus
Lactose