Download A Light in the Darkness Pt II

A LIGHT IN THE
DARKNESS PT II
Chapter 14
LOSING AND REGAINING FOCUS
 The invasions of the
Vikings weakened the
forces of European
unity and expansion.
 These acts resulted in
violence and
dislocation which
caused”
 isolation,
 population to diminish,
 the monasteries again
became outposts of
civilization.
The Roman Catholic
Church became
organized into an
elaborate hierarchy
with the pope as the
head in western
Europe.
 The late Middle Ages
were characterized by
conflict.
 Towns and cities began
to grow in alarming
numbers, and wanted to
have their own selfcontrol.
 They wanted to be free of
outside leadership. One
result of this struggle was
the intensification of
political and social
thinking.
During the Middle
Ages, the Church
was a major part of
everyday life.
The Church served to
give people spiritual
guidance and it
served as their
government as well.
A SERIOUS BREAK
Communication with
Eastern Church cut
off b/c of invasions
Differences began to
divide the Eastern
with the Western
Church
DIFFERENCES BET WEEN EASTERN AND
WESTERN CHURCHES
East – used Greek
for liturgy
Priests allowed to
marry
No statues just
pictures
Authority was
patriarch in
Constantinople
West – Latin
Priest – not marry
Statues were
permitted
Pope in Rome
authority
THE GREAT SCHISM
 Political rivalry between
Rome and Constantinople
 1054
 Patriarch of Const. during
liturgy given a papal
letter of
excommunication
 Eastern bishop responded
by excommunicating the
Pope
 Orthodox Church
 Roman Church
 1965 excommunication
of each church removed
 We pray that “we may
all be one.”
 Ecumenism – respect
for one another through
honest dialogue.
 Second Vatican Council
 Union of all Christian
Churches as Jesus
founded
THE CRUSADES
 Series of mi
 Series of military
campaigns to allow
Christian pilgrims to
go to the Holy Land
 Holy Wars
 Pope Urban II – called
first crusade
 Won, but great loss of
lives
 8 crusades in over
200 years.
 Most won by Muslims
HOW THE CRUSADES BEGAN
 End of 10 th century
relations between
religions were tolerated
 Christians allowed to
pilgrimage to
Jerusalem even though
held by Muslims
 Turks were expanding
eastern empire and
attacked some pilgrims
 Pope Urban II sent 1 st
crusade
WHY POPE URBAN II BEGAN THE CRUSADES
 Prevent persecutions
of pilgrims
 Win back the Holy
Land
 Stop fighting between
feudal lords of
Europe. They would
join together for a
united cause
 Heal break between
the east and west
POSITIVES - CRUSADES
 Stirred up enthusiasm
for Christian faith
 Opened doors between
east and west
 Pilgrimages promoted
 A renewed devotion to
the Passion of Christ
 Way of the Cross intro
to Europe
 Brought commerce and
trade
 More people moved to
city around church
NEGATIVES - CRUSADES
Atrocities committed
by Christians and
Muslims
Some only to get
rich
Further trouble
between east and
west churches
 2000 Pope John Paul II
issued an apology for the
wrongs committed by
some member of the
Church during the
Crusades.
 “The Church cannot cross
the threshold of the new
millennium without
encouraging her children
to purify themselves
through repentance of
past errors and infidelity ,
inconsistency and
slowness to act.
THE SEARCH FOR HERETICS
During Middle Ages
heretics were
considered traitors
since church and
state were united
Heretics put on trial
in hopes they would
change their minds
Many were severely
tortured
INQUISITION
13 th century
Official Catholic
court to examine,
investigate, and
punish those
accused of heresy
Severe torture was
inflicted upon the
Moors (Muslims) and
Jews.
A BLEND OF CHURCH AND STATE
 Church influenced life
of the people
 All governed by Church
law
 People looked to the
Church to meet spiritual
and physical needs
 All celebrated Church
feasts
 All went to Church
schools
A LIGHT TO THOSE IN NEED
 St Francis of Assisi
 Rich
 Sold everything
 Teach, preach, caring for
poor
 Franciscans
 Mendicant Order – lived
like Christ w/o land or
money
 Reminded Church to live
Gospel of poverty and
concern for poor
OTHER RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
 Dominicans
 Carmelites
 Capuchins
 Augustinians
 Vows of poverty,
chastity and
obedience
 Lived in cities
 Begged for food
(mendicant)
Benedictine monks
 Stayed in their
monasteries
CENTER OF LIGHT; THE UNIVERSITIES
St Dominic
 Wealthy Spanish noble
 Became priest
 Need for scholars and
preachers who lived
poor lives
 Dominicans
 Founded many
universities
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
As student: slow in
giving answers
“dumb ox”
Great Catholic writer
and thinker
Summa Theologiae
(summary of
theology)
explanation of
Catholic beliefs