Download Middle Ages PowerPoint

PowerPoint 1
1. What 2 reasons did the Roman Empire cease to be a powerful empire?
The Roman Empire fell due to outside attacks and disease (brought on by trade)
2. Name 2 examples of Rule of Law
It means nobody is above the law, not the king, not the senate, not the people, not the
police.
3. What was the economic system of the middle Ages in Europe?
Manorialism.
4. Under Feudalism, what responsibility does a knight have? What does he give in
return?
Lords gave their land to knights in exchange for protection, $.
Knights let serfs work the land and he would protect them
5. In what year did William of Normandy invade England?
William of Normandy invaded England in 1066
6. What were the Crusades?
The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle
East.
7. What era (time period) describes the time of Greece and Rome?
Classical Era (Greece and Rome) 500 B.C. - 600 A.D.
8. What year was the Magna Carta signed?
Signed in 1215
9. What was the Churches role during the middle Ages?
Never was there a time when the Church was so powerful in Western Civilization.
The Church was led by popes. Priests and nuns converted, gave care to people
Monks were spiritual leaders (obviously)
They lived in monasteries that acted like trade schools and YMCAs
They spent years transcribing the Bible since the printing press wasn’t used in Europe
yet.
Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms the Church was one organization that
had respect and power.
Popes were more powerful than kings!
PowerPoint 2
Define:
Dark Ages1. The period in European history from about a.d. 476 to about 1000.
2. The whole of the Middle Ages, from about a.d. 476 to the Renaissance.
3. (Often lowercase ) a period or stage marked by repressiveness, a lack of enlightenment
or advanced knowledge, etc.
•
Barbarian - a person in a savage, primitive state; uncivilized person.
•
Heresy- opinion or doctrine at variance with the orthodox or accepted doctrine, esp. of a
church or religious system.
•
Monks- (in Christianity) a man who has withdrawn from the world for religious reasons,
esp. as a member of an order of cenobites living according to a particular rule and under
vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
•
Justinian Code- the body of Roman law that was codified and promulgated under
Justinian I.
•
Salic Law- a code of laws of the Salian Franks and other Germanic tribes, esp. a
provision in this code excluding females from the inheritance of land
Primogeniture- the state or fact of being the firstborn of children of the same parents.
Fief- a fee or feud held of a feudal lord; a tenure of land subject to feudal obligations.
•
Tithe- Sometimes tithes. the tenth part of agricultural produce or personal income set
apart as an offering to god or for works of mercy, or the same amount regarded as an
obligation or tax for the support of the church, priesthood, or the like.
•
Serf- a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly
attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another.
•
Corvee- unpaid labor for one day, as on the repair of roads, exacted by a feudal lord.
Who were?
St. Augustine-wrote “Confessions” which discussed ideas of ethics, self knowledge, and
the role of free will which shaped monastic tradition and the influence of Church
Justinian the Great- Byzantine Emperor. Goal to reunite the Roman world as a
Christian Empire and suppressed all paganism. Ordered the codification of Roman laws
in the Justinian Code or “Body of Civil Law” that defined civil law in the Middle Ages
and the modern world. Crushed the Nika Riot with the help of his wife Theodora.
During his reign Latin was the official language of the Byzantine Empire, but was later
changed to Greek (another difference between two regions)
Clovis I-he united Frankish tribes and expanded territory
Charlemagne-Charlemagne (Charles the Great) who was a military general and restored
Pope Leo III who had been exiled
William the Conqueror- who was crowned King of England and ordered the Doomsday
Book
Questions
Who were the barbarians and what did they do?
The barbarians were people who were uncivilized. They used to seek revenge after warriors
kings and generals that killed ancestors that's why they invaded Rome and all those parts of
Europe.
What was the relationship between Church and King?
Church was granted favours by Roman Emperors / Kings (land, exemption from taxes, immunity
in courts, and positions in courts) and in return the Church would endorse kings to help secure
their rule. Kings looked to Church to supply educated administrators to help run kingdoms and
in return kings would enforce laws that prohibited other religions
What is Monasticism?
The monastic system, condition, or mode of life.
How did Feudalism work?
Increasing violence and lawless countryside
Weak turn to the strong for protection, strong want something from the weak
Feudalism= relationship between those ranked in a chain of association (kings, vassals,
lords, knights, serfs)
Feudalism worked because of the notion of mutual obligation, or voluntary co-operation
from serf to noble
A man’s word was the cornerstone of social life
What was the plague and what were its effects?
The bubonic plague (Black Death) was a serious, sometimes fatal, infection with the
bacterial toxin Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from infected rodents and
characterized by high fever, weakness, and the formation of buboes, esp. in the groin and
armpits. Its effects were that it left black spots all over your body. Called “black death”
because of striking symptom of the disease, in which sufferers' skin would blacken due to
hemorrhages under the skin
Spread by fleas and rats. Painful lymph node swellings called buboes. Buboes in the
groin and armpits, which ooze pus and blood. Damage to the skin and underlying tissue
until they were covered in dark blotches. Most victims died within four to seven days
after infection
EFFECTS
Caused massive depopulation and change
in social structure. Weakened influence of Church. Originated in Asia but was blamed
on Jews and lepers
What do you think was the most important idea, invention, or figure from this time and
why? I think the most important invention was the birth of modern language. I think this
because it helped to develop the ages more than they already were. This helped them
with their communication skills.
PowerPoint 3
1. What is Feudalism? The feudal system, or its principles and practices. Feudalism was
a social, political, and economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval life.
The economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor,
and is called manorialism. A lord's manor would include peasant villages, a church,
farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house
2. What is Manorialism? The manorial organization, or its principles and practices in the
Middle Ages. Manors were self sufficient; all economic activity occurred on the manor.
This meant that little to no trade occurred during this time period. Most of the peasants
during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were given land to farm in exchange for service
to their lord. Service included working in the fields, maintaining roads and the manor, or
military service in during wars. .
The lords had responsibilities also under this system. In return for the services and taxes
paid by the peasants, they provided land and protection to them. Lords also had to pay
fees and give service to high lords and the king. Feudalism affected all levels of society
3. What was the Role of the Church?
Spiritual: Religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to
marriage.
Secular: In addition to being the social center of the village, the church had economic
power and political power. The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth
through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s
authority. Some parish priests ran schools.
4. What were the reasons and impact of the crusades? In the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks
invade the Byzantine Empire and conquered Palestine or the Holy land.
The Muslims and Jews also considered this their Holy Land.
The Pope called for a crusade to free the Holy Land the Pope wanted to increase his
power
Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land
Nobles wanted to gain wealth.
Adventurers sought travel and excitement
Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
A major result of the Crusades, include Cultural Diffusion and an increase in trade.
European interest in goods from the east was stimulated by returning Crusaders who brought
back many things. As the Crusades ended, ships that were once used to carry soldiers to the
Middle East now carried trade goods. Merchants from rich Italian city states, such as
Venice and Florence, dominated this trade.
5. What was the impact of trade fairs? Along the trade routes, trade fairs were established
in towns with larger populations, or at major crossroads. Merchants and craftsman
settled in these towns, and some grew to be cities of several thousand people. This
fundamentally altered the way people lived in Europe, and marked the beginning of the
end of feudalism as serfs began to pay their feudal obligations with cash instead of
service. An economy based on money, not barter emerged.
6. What is the Renaissance and why did it start in Italy? Renaissance means “rebirth”. It
was a golden age in the arts, literature and sciences.
During the Middle ages, philosophers and writers were concerned with life after death.
Instead of the medieval preoccupation of life after death, a new way of thinking,
Humanism, focused on life in the present and emphasized individual achievements.
Ancient knowledge was rediscovered and the Classical period of the Greeks and Romans
were glorified.
Urban Centers
–
Large city-states in northern Italy
–
Cities – breeding ground for intellectual revolution
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Cities – Florence, Milan
–
Thriving centers of trade and manufacturing
Wealthy Merchant Class
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Merchants – wealthiest, most powerful class & dominated politics
–
Had $ to pursue other interests – Arts/education
–
Medici Family –
Cosimo de’ Medici – Influenced the ruling council (loans))
Lorenzo de’ Medici – behind the scene dictator
Classical Heritage
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Return to Greek and Roman ideals
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Arts and scholars – inspired by ruins of Rome
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1300’s = Latin and Greek manuscripts studied
7. What was the new outlook during the Renaissance? Patrons of Arts
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Church – spent $$$ beautifying Rome
–
Wealthy families – supported artists
Renaissance man
–
Ideal individual strove to master all areas of study
–
“universal man”
Renaissance woman
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Inspire but not create art
–
Less influential than middle age women
Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures
–
Middle Ages – piety
–
Humanists- can enjoy life without insulting God
–
People were still devout Catholics but…
Concerns were secular (worldly and here/now)
8. Give two examples of art and literature from during the Renaissance? Michelangelo
and Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael and Rubens, Dante Wrote the Divine. Comedy
Cervantes wrote Don Quixote. Shakespeare wrote many plays. Machiavelli wrote the
Prince
9. What was the impact of the printing press? By 1300 papermaking and print technology
had reached Europe from China.
The invention of moveable type led Gutenberg to print the Bible in 1456.
Books became more available
Literacy increased
Ideas spread rapidly
10. What was the Reformation? The Renaissance. Humanism led people to question
Church authority as increasing faith was put in human reason.
Strong Monarchs. A weakened church meant strong national monarchs could increase
their power.
Problems within the church. Corruption among church leaders. Increased fees for
marriage, baptism and indulgences for the pardon of sins
11. What was Protestantism? In 1517 a German monk, named Martin Luther posted his
famous 95 Theses against indulgences.
Promoted radical idea that faith in God alone, not the Pope granted pardon for sins.
Sparked Protestant Reformation.
Followers of Luther’s beliefs were called Lutherans and---eventually----Protestants,
because they protested Papal authority.
A French priest, John Calvin, an influential reformer who also preached predestination
started another protestant movement.
12. What was the Counter Reformation? A reform movement also took place in the
Catholic Church.
The purpose was to strengthen the Catholic Church and keep Catholics from converting
to Protestantism
1545 Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and worked to end abuses
Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits. Jesuit missionaries helped spread Catholism around
the world .