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REVIEW: STAR’S TEST 2014-15 What force causes particles of stellar dust to become attracted to each other ? _GRAVITY__ The most widely held astronomical theory about the origin of the universe is the BIG BANG theory. The fact that the spectra of stars are shifted towards the red suggests that the stars are moving _AWAY____ Diagram the correct sequence of a star’s life cycle. Write the formula for a fusion reaction. H + H He + STUFF What do each of the letters stand for in the formula E=mc2 . E= ENERGY M= MATTER C = SPEED OF LIGHT Explain how the e and m are related. A small amount of ___MATTER__ can become a huge amount of __ENERGY_ What is the speed of light ? 186,000 MILES/SECOND What is the EMS and what are at its extremes ? RADIO WAVES GAMMA WAVES What are the relative wavelengths of those extremes ? RADIO WAVES = LONG & LOW ENERGY GAMMA WAVES = SHORT & HIGH ENERGY List the visible light from longest to shortest wavelengths. Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet What happens to white light as it passes through a prism ? REFRACTS Which color refracts the most and least ? RED What is thought to be at the center of all galaxies ? ____BLACK HOLE______ What is the name of our galaxy ? ____MILKY WAY______ The planets that are closer to the sun have a FASTER_ orbital speed. The stars that are closer to the center of a galaxy have a SLOWER orbital speed than those further out. Approximately 90% of the visible universe’s mass is composed of ___HYDROGEN____ We can “see” about 10 % of the stuff that the universe is composed of. In the H-R diagram, stars are classified on the basis of MAGNITUDE (LUMINOSITY)/SIZE and __TEMPERATURE/COLOR___ A cloud of gas and dust in which a star is born is called a ____NEBULA_______ On the H-R Diagram which group do most stars fall? ___MAIN SEQUENCE____ The actual brightness of a star is its Blue stars are ABSOLUTE (LUMINOSITY) BIGGER, BRIGHTER, HOTTER magnitude. than red stars. What factor determines a star’s color ? ______TEMPERATURE__ The apparent magnitude of a star tells you how bright the star is as viewed from EARTH . How was Dark Matter discovered ? STARS AT THE OUTER LIMITS OF GALAXIES REVOLVED FASTER What did Edwin Hubble discover ? GALAXIES RED SHIFTING A nebula is a huge cloud of gas, primarily composed of HYDROGEN . A nebula becomes a star when _____FUSION TAKES PLACE IN ITS CORE______ Our sun is what color ? ______YELLOW___________ Using the H-R Diagram below, answer the following questions: White dwarfs have HIGH temperature and Supergiants have LOW temperature and A star with an absolute magnitude of -6 is LOW absolute magnitudes HIGH absolute magnitudes _BRIGHTER than a star with an absolute magnitude of +2. Answer the next questions using the following charts: What is the apparent magnitude of the sun ? ____-26.5_________ What is the apparent magnitude of Jupiter ? _____-2.0_______________ How much brighter is the moon than Jupiter ? ____10,000_____________ Can a 15 cm telescope see an object with an apparent magnitude of 18.5 ? _______NO____________ The top of the diagram shown below shows the spectrum of 4 elements. Use this diagram to determine which elements are in the star shown in the bottom of the diagram diagram. MERCURY, HELIUM, HYDROGEN Constellations that can only be seen during certain times of the year are called SEASONAL Constellations that can be seen throughout the year are called CIRCUMPOLAR . . Using the Star Chart, answer the following questions: Is Ursa Major a seasonal or circumpolar constellation ? CIRCUMPOLAR If you wanted to see Orion in the winter, what part of the sky would you look at ? OVERHEAD/SOUTH Name a star in the constellation Canis. SIRIUS Is Canis a seasonal or circumpolar constellation ? SEASONAL What is the name of our north star ? POLARIS Describe its motions throughout the night. STATIONARY How can Polaris tell you what line of latitude you are on ? NUMBER OF DEGREES ABOVE HORIZON IS THE DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE OF THE EQUATOR