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10.8.3 - Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors. 10.8.4 - Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower). 10.8.5 - Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its transformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians. 10.8.6 - Discuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian and military losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, the United States, China, and Japan. World History Unit 7 Benchmark Guide Name __________________________________________ Period # _______ Date ___________ Page 491: What was the secret part of the nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union? __________________________________________________________________________. Page 491: Great Britain and France declared war on Germany immediately following Germany’s invasion of ________________. Page 491: The German blitzkrieg was a military strategy that depended on what advantage? _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 492-93: List all of the events that occurred during the fall of France to the Nazis? __________ _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 493: “History Makers” What was the Britian’s most powerful weapon as they stood alone against Hitler’s Germany in June of 1940? ______________________________________________. Page 493-94: What crucial lesson was learned in the Battle of Britain? _________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 494-95: What caused a shift in Hitler’s military strategy in Europe? _____________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 494: Why did Mussolini believe that attacking Egypt was important? ____________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 495: How did Erwin Rommel get the nickname “the Desert Fox”? _______________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 495: What was name given to Hitler’s plan to invade the Soviet Union? __________________ ________________________________. If you find yourself wondering why Hitler would decide to invade his former ally Stalin and the Soviet Union, the web site below can answer that question: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa 1 Pg 495-96: What historical precedent/lesson did Hitler ignore in his attempt to invade Moscow? (Pg 235–36) _____________________________________________________________________. Page 496: What was the significance of the Atlantic Charter both during and after the war? ________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________. Page 497: Chapter 16 Section 2 Title: Japan’s _____________________ Campaign Page 497: How did the Japanese try to build a Pacific empire? ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Page 497: What event occurred on the day described as "a date which will live in infamy"? ______ __________________________________________. Page 497: How did the U.S. under Roosevelt respond to Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia in mid-1941? ____________________________________________________________. Page 498: How did the Japanese treat the people of their new colonies in East Asia after they conquered them? ___________________________________________________. Page 498: Who received the worse treatment from the Japanese? ____________________________ _______________________________________. Page 498: What was the Bataan Death March and how many soldiers died? ___________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________. Page 499: Study the map to answer the following questions: What do the dark purple areas on the map represent? _______________________________________. From Pearl Harbor what Pacific islands did the allies advance to in 1944? _____________________________________________. What two islands where battles took place were the closest to the Japanese mainland? ___________ ___________________________________________. Page 500: What was the impact of Doolittle’s bombing of several Japanese cities? ______________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________. Page 500: What new type of warfare was introduced in the Battle of the Coral Sea? _______________ _______________________. Page 500: What was significant about the Battle of Midway? _______________________________ __________________________________________________________________. Page 501: What did the Allies' strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific involve? _______________ _________________________________________________________________________________. 2 Page 501: Summarize what happened in the Battle of Guadalcanal? __________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________. Page 502: Chapter 16 Section 3 Title: ________________________________________ Why it Matters Now: The violence against Jews during the Holocaust led to the founding of _______________ after World War II. Page 502: Define the term Holocaust: __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Page 502-03: How did Kristallnacht demonstrate Nazi persecution of Jews? ____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Page 503: What was Hitler’s first plan to rid Germany of Jews? ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. Page 503-04: What was the goal of Hitler's "Final Solution"? ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________. Page 504-05: Explain the process Hitler used to kill Jews in the extermination camps? __________ ________________________________________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________________________. Page 505: Interpreting Charts: What country suffered the greatest loss of Jews as a result of the Holocaust? _________________. Which country/countries had the fewest percentage of Jews to survive the Holocaust? __________________. Page 506: Chapter 16 Section 4 Title: The ___________________ Victory Page 506: Who won the Battle of El Alamein? ________________________. Who was the victorious commanding officer? _______________________________________________________. Page 507: Explain the weather conditions in Russia during the Battle of Stalingrad? ______________ _________________________. Explain the outcome of the battle and why it resulted the way it did? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________. Page 507-09: Explain the actions taking place at home on the allied home front: _______________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. 3 Page 508: Study the map to answer the following questions: What do the red arrows on the map represent? _______________________________________. Approximately what percentage of Europe was under Axis control by 1942? __________________________. In what year did the battle of Kursk take place? _____________. In what year did the Battle of the Bulge take place? ________. From what northern most city did Russia attack Germany? _________________________________. Name a battle that took place in the country of Egypt? ____________________________________. Page 509: Why were thousands of U.S. citizens put in internment camps during the war? _________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Page 509: Using only 3 complete sentences, summarize the D-Day Invasion: _________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Page 510-511: What was Hitler’s emotional state when deciding the battle plans that led to the attack that came to be known as The Battle of the Bulge? ________________________________________. What happened after the Battle of the Bulge? _____________________________________________ _______________________. Page 511: What does VE Day mean? __________________________________________________. Page 511: What gamble did the Japanese take in the Battle of Leyte Gulf? ______________________ ____________________________________. Page 511: How many Americans died in the land battle at Okinawa? ___________________. Page 513: What two reasons led President Truman to agree to use the atomic bomb? 1) __________ _________________________________________________________________________________. 2) _______________________________________________________________________________. Page 513: Where were atomic bombs dropped? __________________________________________. Page 514: Chapter 16 Section 5 Title: __________________ and _____________ in Ruins Page 514: How many Europeans died during World War II? _______________________________. What percentage of those deaths were to civilians? ___________. Page 514: What did most displaced persons do following the war? ____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________. 4 Study the chart to answer the questions below #1-4: 1. Which country paid the highest financial cost in World War II? ________________________ ____________________. 2. Which country had the most civilians killed during World War II? ____________________. 3. Which of the following countries had the lowest direct war costs? ___________________. 4. Which of the countries listed in the chart had the second lowest number of killed or missing military personnel? ________________________________________. Page 516: What were Nazi leaders charged with during the Nuremberg Trials? ________________ ___________________________________________. Who was the only convicted Nazi to express remorse? ___________________________________. Page 516: Who took charge of the U.S. occupation in Japan? _______________________________ ______________________________. List three things that he did in postwar Japan to try and ensure peace? 1) _________________________________________________________, 2) _____________ _______________________________________, 3) _______________________________________ ________________________________. Page 517: Explain the ways in which the emperor of Japan was affected by the U.S. occupation of his country following the Allied victory in World War II: ______________________________________ _______________________________________________________. Page 517: Under the postwar constitution of Japan, who was the head of government and how was he selected? _________________________________________________________________________. 5