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Bones, Joints, and Muscles Name: _________________________________ The Musculoskeletal System • • The bones, muscles, and joints together form an integrated system called the _________________________ system. ________________________ is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention or correction of the disorders of the musculoskeletal system. 6 Bone Functions • • • • • • 1: ________________________ soft tissues, providing an attachment site for tendons and muscles 2: ________________________ internal organs from injury 3: Work with muscles to produce ________________________ 4: Storage of ________________________ like calcium & phosphate 5: ________________________ production occurs in red bone marrow 6: ________________________ storage (triglycerides) in yellow bone marrow Bone Structure • • • • • • The long part of the bone is the ________________________ . Each end is called the ________________________ . The inside has ________________________ to make blood cells. Bones Your body has ________________________ bones. ________________________ of them are part of the ________________________ skeletal system. ________________________ are part of the ________________________ skeletal system. Axial Skeleton • • Bones of the ________________________ skeleton lie along the vertical axis of your body and include the ________________________ , ear bones, hyoid, ________________________ , sternum and ________________________ . They ________________________ the body’s organs and store calcium. Appendicular Skeleton • The ________________________ skeleton includes the bones of the ________________________ Bones, Joints, and Muscles Name: _________________________________ , legs, hips, and ________________________ . • • The primary function of the appendicular skeleton is ________________________ . It also provides attachment points for ________________________ , supports and protects internal organs, and stores and releases ________________________ . Types of Bones • 6 basic types of bones: • • • • • • ________________________ = long and strong (________________________ ) ________________________ = spongy, cube shaped (________________________ ) ________________________ = plates of compact enclosing spongy, thin (_______________) ________________________ = variable (________________________ ) ________________________ = develop in tendons or ligaments (______________________) ________________________ bones = in joints between ________________________ bones Bones you need to know! • • • • • • • ________________________ : composed of 22 bones, protects the brain, eyes, nose. ________________________ : supports the tongue, gets crushed during strangulation ________________________ : your backbone, made of 26 bones ________________________ : the breastbone, in the center of your chest ________________________ : 12 pairs to support your lungs and heart Your ear has the 3 smallest bones in the body, • • • ________________________ (the hammer) ________________________ (the anvil) ________________________ (the stirrup) ________________________ : you have 2 clavicles, shaped like the letter S, which attach the shoulders to the breastbone • ________________________ : shoulder blades (2) • In each arm you have 30 bones Bones, Joints, and Muscles • • • • • • Name: _________________________________ ________________________ (1) upper arm ________________________ (1) and ________________________ (1) make up your forearm (ulna is pinky side) ________________________ (8) wrist ________________________ (5) palm ________________________ (14) fingers Each leg has 30 bones • • • • • • ________________________ (1) in your thigh ________________________ (kneecap) ________________________ (front below knee) and fibula (back below knee) ________________________ (7) ankle ________________________ (5) foot ________________________ (14) toes Joints • • • • ________________________ hold bones together and permit ________________________ Point of contact • • • between 2 ________________________ between ________________________ and ________________________ between ________________________ and ________________________ ________________________ = study of joints ________________________ = study of motion 6 Types of Joints • • ________________________ Joints: permit gliding at the ________________________ and ________________________ ________________________ Joints: open and closing motions; ________________________ , ________________________ , ________________________ Bones, Joints, and Muscles • • • • Name: _________________________________ ________________________ Joints: Allows your ________________________ to turn from side to side ________________________ Joints: joints in the ________________________ ___________________ and __________________ joints: __________________ and ________ ________________________ or immovable joints: joints in the ________________________ between bones Joint Disorders • • • • • ________________________ disease is a bacterial disease which is transmitted by deer ________________________ . Symptoms include joint ________________________ , fevers, chills, ________________________ , and stiff neck. ________________________ ________________________ affects joints between the vertebrae and between the sacrum and hip bone. Its cause is unknown, and is common in ________________________ between 20 and 40 years old. ________________________ ________________________ : an autoimmune disorder where cartilage is ________________________ destroyed, joints swell, and eventually become ________________________ . ________________________ : caused by ________________________ and wear & tear, cartilage disappears and fingers hurt and can’t ________________________ ________________________ : urate crystals build up in joints causing ________________________ , usually in the ________________________ . Bone Diseases • • • • • ________________________ (Slipped) Disc: Intervertebral discs move out of place causing ________________________ . Treated by bed rest and medication. ________________________ : the thoracic region of the spine ________________to the side ________________________ : the thoracic curve is more pronounced (_____________________) ________________________ : also called ________________________ back, the vertebrae bend inward ________________________ : a cyst like fluid filled sac forms at the bottom of the spine in fetuses, pregnant mom doesn’t get enough ________________________ acid or vitamin ________ Bones, Joints, and Muscles • • • • • • • • Name: _________________________________ Deviated ________________________ : septum does not connect to the midline of the ________________________ , corrected surgically ________________________ joint syndrome (TMJ): ________________________ noise when the mouth opens/closes, caused by teeth grinding ________________________ : incomplete fusion of the bones between the nose and the mouth, causing a split upper ________________________ ________________________ eye: a blow to the ridge below the eye resulting in ________________________ A ________________________ is any break in a bone. ________________________ : Decreased bone mass resulting in ________________________ bones ________________________ : calcium is not stored properly and bones are too ________________________ . Deformed legs, skulls, rib cages, and pelvis result. ________________________ : New bone made by adults does not solidify, causing fractures, especially of the ________________________ Muscles • • • ________________________ make up ________________________ of your body weight The study of muscles is called ________________________ . Muscles: • • • • • Help you ________________________ ________________________ your body ________________________ organ size ________________________ things inside your body (food, blood, air) Produce ________________________ (shivering) Types of muscle: Skeletal • Skeletal muscle • ________________________ the bones of the skeleton Bones, Joints, and Muscles • • • Name: _________________________________ ________________________ to the bone or the skin It is ________________________ : alternating bands of dark and light ________________________ control of contraction & relaxation Types of muscle: Smooth • Smooth muscle • • • • Located in the walls of blood ________________________ , airways, and organs; also attached to ________________________ follicles ________________________ in appearance (smooth) ________________________ control Propels ________________________ through your gastrointestinal tract Types of muscle: Cardiac • Cardiac muscle • • • • Forms the wall of the ________________________ ________________________ in appearance Control is ________________________ An internal ________________________ controls the heartbeat Muscles you need to know • • • • • • • • • ________________________ (shoulder blade) ________________________ (shoulders) ________________________ ________________________ (chest) ________________________ ________________________ (upper arm) ________________________ ________________________ (back of arm) ________________________ ________________________ (middle back) ________________________ ________________________ (6-pack abs) ________________________ ________________________ (side abs) ________________________ ________________________