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Name: __________________________ Class: _______ Date: _________ Natural Selection • ___________________________= any trait that aids the chances of survival and reproduction of an organism. • Two types: ___________________and _____________________ o STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS arise over____________________: � ________________= provides protection for an organism by enabling it to copy the appearance of another species. � _______________________= enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings • more likely to escape predators and survive to reproduce Coral snake-venom Scarlet king snake- non-venomous Example of Natural Selection: • ____________ colored pepper moths less noticeable on lichen covered trees • ____________ kills lichens and uncovers darker tree trunks o PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS can ______________________ � Changes in an organism _____________________________ � Ex: ___________- was considered 50 years ago as a wonder drug b/c it could kill many types of disease-causing ___________. • Now penicillin is not as effective as it used to be because many species of bacteria have ___________ physiological adaptations that make them __________ to penicillin � Ex: insects/ weeds have been selected for physiological resistance to ___________ used in pesticides. VI. Evidence for Evolution: 1. ______________________ • nucleotide sequencing studies are used to indicate levels of ______________among species within major taxonomic groups 2. _____________________ • fossil records show how organisms have ___________ over time (millions of years) 3. ________________________________________: • ___________________________________= Similarities in structure and __________ — likeness indicates a genetic relationship through a common ancestor. • Ex: ___________ among the bones of the forelimb. : Although these structures show considerable differences in form and ___________, the same basic bones are present in the forelimbs of humans, cats, bats, porpoises, and horses. 4. ________________________________________ = any body structure that is ________ in function in a living organism but may have been used in an ancestor. • Examples: • pelvis in snakes • external ears and pelvis in whales • Humans: appendix, ear muscles, nictitating membrane, wisdom teeth. 5. ________________________________________: Development of the phylum- in the embryonic stage it is difficult to distinguish fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.