Download Dentistry in Ayurveda: Part Two. Dr. R. D. Das Ms. Shreya G. Bala

Dentistry in Ayurveda: Part Two.
Dr. R. D. Das
Ms. Shreya G. Bala
Prof. & Head,Dept. Of Prosthodontics
Intern
Yerala Medical Trust’s Dental College,Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
Abstract:
This article, the second in the series titled Dentistry in Ayurveda, describes in brief the various therapies
and medicines used in Ayurveda. Further, an attempt has been made to correlate dental diseases in
Ayurveda with the modern-day classification and management.
Ayurveda brings cures………
Ayurveda, does not just recognizes and classifies the diseases of the oral cavity but also gives specific
treatment for the same. These Therapeutic measures are of a wide range including oral medications to
surgical techniques.
Mukha rogas (diseases of the face and oral cavity) These are classified as follows:
I. Osta roga (diseases of lips)
II. Danta moola roga (diseases of gums)
III. Danta roga (diseases of teeth)
IV. Jihwa roga (diseases of tongue)
V. Talu roga (diseases of palate)
VI. Gala roga (diseases of throat)
VII. Mukha dhi ( sarvaj )
VIII. Ganda roga
. Osta roga
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Vataj osta roga
Pittaja osta roga
Kaphajaosta prakopa
Sannipathajaosta prakopa
Rakthaja osta prakopa
Mamsaja osta prakopa
Medoja osta prakopa
Kshathaja osta prakopa
Khandausta (harelip)
Grandhi (cyst)
Jalaarbuda (mucocele)
Gandalaji (cellulitis)
Danta moola roga:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
SAMVRUTADANTA (HYPERTROPHY OF GUMS)
VIVRUTA DANTA (ATROPHY OF GUMS)
DANTAVAIDARBHA(INJURY TO GUMS)
ADHIMAMSA (PERICORONITIS)
DANTAVESTHA(CHRONICSUPPURATIVE GINGIVITIS)
UPAKUSHA (RECURRENT ACUTE GINGIVITIS)
SHEETADA (CHRONIC RECESSIVE GINGIVITIS)
SOUSHIRA(SUPPURATIVE PERIODONTITIS)
MAHA SOUSHIRA (NECROTISING GINGIVO-STOMATISIS)
PARIDARA (ATROPHIC GINGIVITIS)
DANTANADIVRANA (ALVEOLAR ABSCESS WITH SINUS)
DANTA PUPPUTAKA (PERIODONTAL ABSCESS)
DANTA MAMSA ARBUDA (TUMOR OF GUMS)
DANTAMAMSARUK (BLEEDING GUMS)
III. Dantha rogas (diseases of the teeth)
IV. Jihwa gatha rogas (diseases of the tongue)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
1. Vataja jihwa kantaka
Krimi dantha (dental caries)
Dantha harsha (hypersensitivity)
Bhanjaka
Dantha shaykara (calculus)
Dantha kapalika
Shyavadantha (pigmentation)
Hanumoksha (mandibular dislocation)
Danthavidradi
Karala
Chaladantha
Adidanth (supernumerary tooth)
2. Pittaja jihwa kantaka
3. Kaphaja jihwa kantaka
4. Alasa
5. Upajihwaka
6. Adhijihwaka
Treatment for some of these dental diseases…..
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT of some of the diseases related to
the teeth
HYPERTROPHY OF GUMS ( SAMVRUTA DANTA )
Massage the inflamed gums with: 1) sesame oil +
triphala + alum + kshara (alkali) + khadira ( acacia
catechu)
2) Gugguli ( commiphora mukul)
ATROPHY OF GUMS (VIRUTA DANTA )
Smear the gums with a paste of sesame oil +
atmagupta ( mucuna pruriens ) or bala ( sida
rhombifolia) or kakoli ( roscea procera) [ vitalising
and bulk promoting group of drugs]
PERICORONITIS OF WISDOM TEETH:
Dosha involved: kapha dosha
1) Excision of fleshy mass of tissue.
2) Powder of: patha ( cissampelos pareira), vacha (
achorus calamus), yavakshara (alkali)
3)Decoction of pippali ( piper longum) + honey.
CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE GINGIVITIS
( DANTA VESHTA)
Dosha involved: pitta
1) Nasya ( nasal medication)
2) Rubbing with cold potency drugs: paste
of- lodhra + raktachandana + yasti +
laksha + honey
3) Gandoosha: decoction of nyagrodha ,
udumbara and plaksha + ghee.
RECURRENT ACUTE SUPPURATIVE GINGIVITIS
( UPAKUSHA)
Dosha involved: pitta dosha.
1) Blood letting by incision with a sharp
surgical instrument.
2) Pratisarana ( rubbing ) with a paste of
trikatu( dry ginger, pepper and long
pepper)
3) Panchalavana ( five types of salts from
different sources) and honey.
4) Gargling with decoction prepared of
priyangu, laksha, gairika, supernatent
layer of ghee and honey.
CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE RECESSIVE GINGIVITIS
( SHEETADA)
Dosha involved: kapha and pitta.
1) Blood letting done by rubbing the
affected gum with rough leaves of
teak
2) Kavala (gargle) with decoction of
ginger , mustard and triphala.
3) Paste prepared from musta, arjuna,
triphala and honey is used as lepa (
local application)
4) Nasya with oil medicated with yasti,
padma and triphala.
1) LEKHANA: (scrapping of tissue) to
remove the vitiated blood.
2) LEPA : (ointment prepared from lodhra
( symplocos racemosa) musta and
honey applied after lekhana.
3) GARGLING with decoction of aswatta,
udumbara, plaksha: for healing
SUPPURATIVE PERIODONTITIS (SOUSHIRA)
DOSHA INVOLVED: PITTA AND KAPHA.
CHRONIC ATROPHIC GINGIVITIS ( PARIDARA)
DOSHA INVOLVED: ALL THREE
1) Affected part is rubbed with leaves of
kakodumbara and vitiated blood is let
out.
2) mixture of rocksalt, dry ginger, pepper,
long pepper, and honey
ALVEOLAR ABSCESS WITH SINUS ( DANTA
NADIVRANA) all doshas are involved
1) If sinus is deep: affected tooth is
removed after incising the surrounding
tissues. And area is cauterized by
application of heat.
2) If direction of the sinus is tortuous and
multiple, poorana(filling) is done with
mixture of beewax and wheat flour
3) Decoction prepared of jati + madana+
gokshura+ khadira is used as a wash.
PERIODONTAL ABSCESS ( DANTA PUPPUTAKA)
Dosha involved is kapha.
1) RAKTA MOKSHA: blood letting, rub the
affected part with salt or kshara( alkali)
2) Powder: yasti+ sunthi+ rock salt.
ALVEOLAR ABSCESS ( DANTA VIDRADHI)
All the three dosha
TUMOURS OF THE GINGIVA ( DANTA
MAMSAARBUDA):
Involves all three dosha
BLEEDING GUMS ( DANTA MAMSAASRUK)
TARTAR ( DANTA SARKARA )
Three stages:
1) local application: powders of: kustha+
vrishchikali+ meshashringi+ yavakshara
2) Oral medication: decoction : of the
varunadi gana . guggulu+ decoction of
punarnava, devadaru, sunthi, haritaki.
3) Surgical procedures: after it ripens it Is
drained by incising. To attain a ripe
state powders of horse gram drumstick
, plumbago rosea and a red variety of
rice is mixed with honey and applied
Incurable if swelling is hard as stone.
Paste made from: haridra + lodhra + patanga
mana shila 9 mineral origin) and haritala (
purified arseenic) + honey.
Decoction of: patola + nimba + triphala + dry
grapes + mushtha + kutaja.
LOCAL HAEMOSTATIC: 1) paste : khadira +
alum + dhatakipushpa + seeds of amra +
karanja + arjuna + dadima + nyagrodha +
nagakesara + triphala + chandana + manjistha.
ORAL MEDICATION : decoction of patola +
nimba + chandana + shatavari + padmaka.
1) SCRAPE AWAY
2) A mixture of lac + honey is massaged
over it.
3) Decoction of yasti + tila + trivrit for
gargling
TOOTH ACHE ( DANTA SHOOLA)
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO COLD. ( SHEETA DANTA )
Eroded enamel- vitiation of vata dosha.
1) Gandoosha: with drugs of
vataprashamana gana and
vedanasthapana gana.
2) Paste of : vilwa root + tila + eranda +
prepared in rice gruel.
3) Paste of: guduchi leaves + triphala.
4) Latex of arka
Extraction..if everything else fails
1) TOOTH POWDER : musta + rock salt +
dadima + triphala + sunthi + anjana .
2) DECOCTION of bark of four Ficus
species + ghee is used as nasya.
EROSION OF ENAMEL ( DANTA HARSHA)
1) KAVALA : lukewarm ghee, sesame oil
and decoction of bhadradarvadi gana
2) Shirovasti with oil prepared with
vatahara drug is indicated.
3) Brimhana foods ( bulk promoting ):
mutton soup, milk , cream, ghee
DENTAL CARIES CAUSED BY WORMS
(KRIMIDANTA)
1) Paste prepared of vidanga, vacha,
nimba, sarshapa, yavani, nirgundi,
apamarga and honey.
2) Decoction of brihati, eranda , kantakari
+ sesame oil is used for kavala.
Extraction if all treatment fails.gargling with mixture of sesame oil
ghee and powder of yasti and honey
The surgical way out……
Several surgical procedures are suggested in our classical texts for treatment of various dantaroga’s
or dental diseases. These are generally the last measure when all the therapeutic measures fail and the
disease is likely to spread to adjacent areas.
1) DANTODHARANAM- EXTRACTION OF TOOTH.
This is indicated in the following conditions:
a) Danta nadivrana: Alveolar abscess with sinus likely to spread upto the jaws.
b) Adhi danta: Supernumerary teeth and if this condition is painful and deters the normal
functioning of the oral cavity.
c) Danta shoola: in severe tooth ache not palliable by therapeutic procedures.
The process of extraction can be broadly categorized into three namely
a) Poorva karma (pre-operative procedures)
b) Pradhana karma (operative procedures)
c) Paschat karma (post-operative procedures)
POORVA KARMA
(pre-operative procedures): The oral cavity is cleaned well by gargling
(kabvala) with decoction prepared of bark of four Ficus species. Nasal medication is done t remove the
morbid dosha in the cranium.
PRADHANA KARMA (operative procedures): The patient should be made to sit facing the light
source. The head should be firmly placed between the knees of the danta vaidya. The affected tooth is
head firmly with a yantra like sandaamsha yantra, mandalaagra yantra, sharapunkha yantra,
dantashankuh shastra. The teeth of the upper jaw should be extracted with a jerky downward
movement followed by a outward movement. The tooth of the lower jaw should be extracted by a jerky
upward movement followed by a outward movement. These are to be followed in a meticulous and
brisk manner to cause less pain and minimal bleeding.
PASCHAT KARMA OR (Post -Operative Procedures) : After extraction, the gum should be
cleaned well with medicated oils that relieve pain (Vedanasthapana) and promotes healing (ropana). If
bleeding persists, the area should be cauterized using kahara (alkali) or by agnikarma (branding),
Gandoosh with a decoction prepared of jati, mandanapala (Randia dumetorum), gokshura, (Tribulus
terrestries) and khadira (Acacia catechu) is beneficial, Gargling (kavala) with yasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is
also beneficial.
COMPLICATIONS : Severe pain, bleeding, facial paralysis, weakness of the sense organ such as
eye and ear are the complications arising if the extraction is done in a haphazard manner and also when
pre-operative procedures are overlooked. Complications are more likely when extracting the teeth of
upper jaw.
CONTRAINDICATION : Tooth extraction is contraindicated in the following conditions.
*
Weak and debilitated individuals.
*
Diseased (Chronic systemic disorders).
*
During pregnancy and old age.
*
Individuals suffering from Vata disorders and bleeding disorders.
*
Mentally ill.
SURGICAL PROCEDURES IN DANTAROGA :
1. DANTAMAMSA CHEDHANA-GINGIVECTOMY : Removal of a portion of the gum is termed as
Dantamamsa chedana. It is indicated in conditions such as –
a) Samvruta danta – teeth enclosed by hypertrophic gums.
b) Soushira and Mahasoushira (Necrosis of the gums).
c) Severe injury to the gums which are irreparable i.e. in conditions such as Danta
vaidarbha.
Gingivectomy is done by using a sharp surgical instrument such as Mandalaagra.
2. BHEDHANA- INCISION : This procedure is done in conditions such as dental abscess. The abscess
is incised only when it has attained the state of paaka (ripe).
3. LEKHANA : SCRAPING : Scraping of the gum is done in conditions such as Upakusha (recurrent
acute suppurative gingivitis) and Soushira (suppurative periodontitis). Generally it is done with
medicated powders or surgical instruments. Rough surfaces of specific leaves are also used by
Danta Vaidyas.
4. AGNI AND KSHARMA – CAUTERIZATION AND BRANDING :
Branding locally by a hot probe is a very effective method of controlling bleeding particularly
after extraction of tooth. Application of Ksharas i.e. alkaline salts such as Yavakshara, Kshara
prepared from stems of lotus etc., is also useful in controlling bleeding.
Cauterization is carried out by two methods and is as follows –
a) Application of hot iron rods or probes.
b) Use of alkalis (kshara)
This procedure is indicated in the following conditions –
a) Danta nadivrana or sinus tracts.
b) Danta vidradhi or alveolar abscess.
c) Danta vaidarba or gum injury or as a sequel to gingivectomy.
5. RAKTA MOKSHA – BLOOD LETTING :
The vitiated blood in the gums and root are responsible for disease manifestation. Hence blood
letting using surgical instruments or by the application of leeches is indicated. It is also done
using rough surface of the leaves of teak (Tectona grandis). It is indicated in disease of gums
such as Danta veshta (suppurative gingivitis), upakusha (recurrent suppurative gingivitis),
soushira (necrotizing gingivitis) etc.
In conclusion,
Ayurveda has a vast scope in dental field. More people and health professionals in
technologically advanced countries are taking an increased interest in recognizing the efficacy of
these alternative medicine and health care procedures. But unfortunately we Indians have
forgotten our rich heritage with loads of knowledge in dentistry. Ayurvedic medical texts have
not just indicate the herbs that could halt the oral diseases and trigger the natural
remineralization of decayed tooth, but also documented the oldest history of implants.
Ayurveda aims to integrate and balance the body mind and soul. It achieves a state of total
wellness, because of its two basic objectives 1) to maintain the health of those who are well
and are not suffering from any disease condition. This mainly is achieved through regulating
ones diet and nutrition , exercises, hygiene and lifestyle. 2) cure the diseases of those who are
sick and follow up after cure to prevent relapse of diseases. The terms oral health and general
health should not be interpreted as separate entities. Oral health is integral to general health , it
is said if eyes are the windows to the soul, then mouth is the doorway to health. Conventional
dentist looks at the mouth in isolation, but ayurveda considers the intricate relationship
between teeth gums and rest of the human body. Rather than dealing with dental concerns as
they pop up, ayurveda is designed to avert common dental problems. Contemporary dental
science focuses on symptomatology of the disease, treatment methods used in it are effective
but chances of toxicity exists, which may weaken the body. Ayurveda tries to bring about the
balance in which the body’s natural defense will be strong and can easily defend against
diseases . Ayurveda is not a substitute for contemporary dentistry but can be used in
conjunction with it. This amalgamation of the two streams of treatment will work together for
overall benefit of the patient, recognizing the fact that mouth impacts the overall health of a
person.
References:
1. http://www.ijdr.in/article.asp?issn=09709290;year=2008;volume=19;issue=1;spage=52;epage=61;aulast=Amruthesh
2. K. M. Shyam Sundar, Dentistry in Traditional Medicine.