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Student Name: __________________________________________________ Unit 8: World War I Guided Notes Introduction “It was ‘The War To End All Wars’… a senseless slaughter that set the stage for the bloodiest century in human history. Yet, it was more than just a war between nations. It was a war between what was and what was to be. The ‘old world’ was dying, and the ‘new world’ had yet to be born. People of all classes and nations saw it as some great cleansing fire that would accelerate this battle and lead to a better world. But, when it was over, more than men had died in the mud of the battlefields. The naive dreams of progress, along with the innocence of the pre-war world, faith in God, and hope in the future all died in the trenches of Europe.” – Tony Novosel The _________________________ (1914-1918) was one of the most violent and destructive wars. Of the ______ million men who fought, more than ______ million were killed and more than ______ million wounded. World War I was between the ________________ and ________________________________. The Allies included: (1) ______________________________________________ (2) ______________________________________________ (3) ______________________________________________ (4) ______________________________________________ (5) ______________________________________________ (6) ______________________________________________ Unit 8: World War I ** Page 1 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution The Central Powers included: (1) ______________________________________________ (2) ______________________________________________ More countries joined later: _____________________________… Allies _____________________________… Allies _____________________________… Allies _____________________________… Central _____________________________… Central Unit 8: World War I ** Page 2 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Location Most fighting took place along 2 areas: __________________ Front in Europe __________________ Front in Russia There was additional fighting in the ___________________________ and in the __________________. Weapons The _______________________________________________ (6-10 aimed shots per minute) was the main gun. The ________________________________________ could fire 200-250 shots per minute. The __________________, the hand grenade, ___________, huge cannons, and ____________ were also used. War at Sea Germany introduced ______________________________. They were called ________________________________ (“undersea boats” or U-boats). Both sides used _______________________. War in the Sky __________________________ were first used in large numbers. Initially, airplanes were used for ______________________________ and for directing artillery fire. Later, airplanes were equipped for __________________. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 3 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution At first, bombs were dropped by ________________. Later, heavier aircraft were developed, and ___________________________ made them more accurate. Combat between planes was known as “________________________________”. Led by _____________________________________________________, better known as the “________________________________”, the Germans ruled the sky. He was later shot down by a ___________________________. Yea Canada! The Allies retook the advantage in the air by 1916. The Germans did use other aircraft. Their dirigible _____________________ raided London _____ times. Trench Warfare ____________________ lined the Western and Eastern Fronts. Closest thing to being ________________________. All you could see… day in and day out… was ________________ and the __________ above. Between trenches was “____________________________________”, filled with craters and _________________________. Going “_______________________________” referred to charging out of the trenches. Senseless slaughter for ________________ at a time. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 4 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Background Information When WWI broke out, it ended almost ________ years of relative peace in Europe. In 1815, the ______________________________ (1799-1815) ended. Napoleon was defeated by a coalition of _______________, _______________, _______________, and _______________. These countries held a peace conference known as the ______________________________________. The Congress believed the key to peace was by _____________________________________________ to deter any one of them from seeking ________________________. ________________________________ would prove to be a problem to this plan. What is nationalism? (1) _________________________________________________________. (2) _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. During 19th Century, 2 new countries were created due to nationalism… which threatened the “balance of power” in Europe. (1) ________________, which beat Austria in 1861 for its independence. (2) ________________, which beat France in 1871 and formed a country. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 5 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution The German leader __________________________________________ wanted to preserve (NOT expand) Germany in Europe. To achieve this goal, he set out to isolate __________________, which hated Germany after losing the ______________________________________________. After the Franco-Prussian War, France was forced to give Germany __________________ and __________________. France, however, always wanted it back… and this would become their __________________________ at the start of WWI. Bismarck made sure the other European powers did not feel ________________________ by Germany. To do so, he crafted a network of ___________________ with all of the other European powers… except __________________. He formed a friendship with Britain by not building a large ____________ that would threaten _______________ dominance on the high seas. Everything was perfect… until Bismarck __________________ as Chancellor in 1890. German ______________________________________ soon abandoned Bismarck’s cautious foreign policy. He wanted to make Germany a _____________________________. This raised some eyebrows throughout Europe. When Wilhelm refused to renew Germany’s treaty with ______________, the ______________ joined up with Russia. Why? Unit 8: World War I ** Page 6 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Should there be a war in ________________, this would force Germany to fight a _______________________________. Wilhelm also decided that Germany must become a great _________________ power. This upset the _________________. Germany’s ______________________ would later dominates the high seas during WWI. If you’re keeping score: ___________________… pissed at Germany. ___________________… pissed at Germany. ___________________… pissed at Germany. Essentially… your ______________. Britain, France, and Germany now had a common interest of _________________________ Germany. In 1907, all 3 established a alliance called the ______________________________ (later renamed “Allies” when more joined). An attack on “________”… would be an attack on “_________”. With tensions rising, many countries began competing in a costly _________________________. All of the powers (except Britain) used a ____________. Britain still used _________________________. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 7 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution The Start of the War Ironically, Germany did __________ provoke the start of WWI. An _________________________ in the __________________ ______________________ started it. The Peninsula was known as the “_________________________ of Europe”. Europe had many ___________________ in the Balkans. Russia needed an outlet to the ______________________________ Sea. Germany wanted a ________________ to _____________________________ for trade. ______________ and ______________ had the same ______________ nationalities, but Bosnia had been taken by ____________________________________. Serbia hoped Bosnia would break away and join them. _____________________________ was about to explode the “powder keg”. On June 28, 1914, the streets of ________________ were jammed with people. Sarajevo was the _________________ of Bosnia. The people wanted to see Archduke _________________________ _____________________ and his wife _______________. The Archduke was a _______________ of Austria’s Emperor _______________________________ and the ______________ to the throne. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 8 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Ferdinand had been invited to Sarajevo to help direct the army stationed there. ________________________________, a 19-year-old Serbian, would change history. He was a member of a group called the “___________________”. They were devoted to Serbian nationalism and wanted to ________________________________________, including those living in Bosnia, into a _________________ country. Princip shot Ferdinand in the _______________ and his wife in the __________________. Both died. Princip was sentenced to _______ years in prison… where he died of __________________________. The assassination set off a ______________________________ crisis. Austria-Hungary saw the assassination as a “golden opportunity” to ___________________________ once and for all. On July 3rd, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. One thing got in the way… The ___________________________________. Like a series of ____________________, countries were pulled into the war when their __________ entered the conflict. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 9 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Here’s how it falls apart… ___________________ saw itself as a protector of Slovaks, so sides with _________________. Austria-Hungary by itself was no match for Russia, so on August 1st, __________________ declares war on ________________. On August 3rd, _____________________________________________. On August 4th, _____________________________________________. On August 5th, _____________________________________________. On August 6th, _____________________________________________. Phase I – The Western Front Germany followed the “_____________________________________” (devised by Alfred von Schlieffen). This called for Germany to concentrate about ________ of its forces against France at the start of a European war. Take _____________. End war. Simple. They would leave ________ to contain the Russians, who could be dealt with once Germany achieved a _________________________ in the west. This relied on Germany moving quickly through _______________ en route to France. On August 4, 1914, German soldiers invaded Belgium, beginning the _________________________________________ (August 4-16, 1914). The battle resulted in surprisingly __________________________ upon the German invasion forces and _____________________________ considerably. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 10 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution However, the Germans had huge cannons that could fire _____________-pound shells a distance of over _____ miles. The terrifying new weapon was dubbed “______________________”. Using these guns, they _________ and continued toward France. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF LIEGE: Put this info in your Battles Chart. The first bloody battles between ________________ and ________________ occurred in a series of _____ struggles fought at the same time. It was called the ____________________________________________. Underestimating the effects of _______________________________, the French commanders sent their troops (in their Napoleonic uniforms of ____________________ and ____________________) up against German _____________________________. The results were ____________________. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF THE FRONTIERS: Put this info in your Battles Chart. With Germany threatening Paris, France and Britain attack. Results in the ________________________________________________. Troops were rushed to the battle in ____________ from Paris. The battle, dubbed “________________________________________” by France, is one of the most pivotal battles… _________________________. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 11 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution The battle destroyed Germany’s plan for a ___________________________ over France. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! 1st BATTLE OF THE MARNE: Put this info in your Battles Chart. With the failure of the German offensive, both sides began the “______________________________________”, an attempt to __________________ each other by getting to the _____________________ coast first. As they went, each army constructed a series of _________________________. The _____________________________________ is the result of all this. Battle is halted when Belgian troops deliberately _____________ the field. By November, the Allies held their ground… and the battle ended in heavy ____________ and ____________. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! 1st BATTLE OF YPRES: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Phase I – The Eastern Front Meanwhile… in the East: Germany ________________ to win quickly in France because they didn’t have many soldiers to fight _______________. Turns out, Russia wouldn’t be that big of a threat. In fact, they simply ______________. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 12 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Case in point: Battle of ___________________________… Battle of ___________________________… Russians prove they are ____________________________, ____________________________, and used ____________________________. That’s not good. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF TANNENBERG & 1st BATTLE OF MASURIAN LAKES: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Phase I – The Balkans Hungry for action, _________________________ sends ________ of its forces to destroy _____________. One problem… _____________ wins. __________________ will have to carry the Central Powers. Phase I – The War at Sea In the war at sea, the British and German battle fleets soon confronted each other. At the ________________________________________________, the British whip up on Germany’s fleet. Germany’s _______________ aren’t as effective as they had hoped. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF HELIGOLAND BIGHT: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 13 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution With superiority at sea, Britain implemented a __________________________ of Germany. Initially meant to keep ________________________ from Germany. Later turned into an attempt to ______________________________ ______________________________________________________. ____________________ Germans starve to death because of the blockade. In return, Germany starts using its U-boats to sink supply ships heading for Britain. U-boat attacks claim _________________ lives. Why are Germans seen as “bad guys”? U-boat attacks were easily _______________________ in the ____________________________ that reached the U.S. Lots of the news was _______________________________ to stir __________________________________ of Germany. Phase I – More Countries Join ________________ joins the Allies in August 1914 in hopes of taking Germany’s possessions in ______________ and the _________________. Since Germany was already fighting a _________________ war in Europe, it could not spare resources to defend its far flung holdings in Asia. In October 1914, the ____________________________ joins Central Powers. Officials in London and Paris were concerned having to fight an _________________ state. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 14 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Why? _______________, or holy war. After the Ottomans entered, jihad was declared. This meant Muslims everywhere were supposed to ______________ and “_________________________________”. It didn’t happen. Instead, many _________________ saw the war as a chance to _____________________ from the Ottoman Empire. Phase I – The Christmas Truce There was an “unofficial” _______________ in 1914. Just after ________________ on _______________________________, a majority of the German troops stationed in Ypres, Belgium stopped firing their guns and artillery. They _________________________ the area around their trenches. __________________ were put on tree limbs and stuck in the mud around the trench. ________________________________ were also sung. At certain points along the front, ________________________ joined the Germans in their joyous _____________________. Not to be outdone, the British across from the Germans responded by singing _________________________________. At the first light of dawn, some Germans emerged and approached the Allied lines across the feared “No Man’s Land”. They called out “_________________________________” in their enemies’ __________________________________. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 15 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution At first, some Allied soldiers suspected it to be a ______________. Soon, they climbed out and ________________________, too. The men exchanged ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, _______________, and ____________________________. “Hello ________________!” and “Hello _______________!” could be heard as they used the ________________________ ascribed to each other. The artillery in the region fell silent, and _______________________ took place both sides mourned the dead ______________. This truce spread to other areas of the lines. There were cases a “good-natured game” of ________________. The game ended when the ball struck a strand of __________________________ and _______________________. Letters home confirmed the score of the game to be… ____________ In favor of __________________. In some places, soldiers who had been _________________ gave ____________________________. One German, a _________________, gave a performance in the center of “No Man’s Land”. One British veteran, Alfred Anderson recalled the truce… Unit 8: World War I ** Page 16 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution “I remember the silence, the eerie sound of silence. Only the guards were on duty. We all went outside the farm buildings and just stood listening. And, of course, thinking of people back home. All I’d heard for two months in the trenches was the hissing, cracking, and whining of bullets in flight, machinegun fire, and distant German voices. But there was a dead silence that morning, right across the land as far as you could see. We shouted ‘Merry Christmas’, even though nobody felt merry. The silence ended early in the afternoon and the killing started again. It was a short peace in a terrible war.” In some parts, the truce lasted until midnight on Christmas _______________. In others, it lasted until _______________________________________. Captain J.C. Dunn, told of how hostilities re-started. Dunn wrote… “At 8:30pm, I fired three shots in the air and put up a flag with ‘Merry Christmas’ on it, and I climbed on the parapet. He [the Germans] put up a sheet with ‘Thank you’ on it, and the German Captain appeared on the parapet. We both bowed and saluted and got down into our respective trenches, and he fired two shots in the air, and the War was on again.” This truce came only ______ months after the outbreak of the war. British commanders Sir John French and Sir Horace Smith Dorrien vowed that no such truce would be __________________________. Sadly, for the rest of the war, ________________________________ were ordered _______ Christmas Eve to ensure that there were no further ____________ in the combat. One German soldier felt such ______________________ should not exist during war. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 17 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution The soldier was… ___________________________. The “Christmas Truce” of 1914 is the last example of the outdated notion of _____________________ in warfare. It _____________________________________________. Otto Dix – One Messed Up Dude ____________________________ was a German __________________ whose works depict the ________________ of WWI. Dix was a _________________________________ in the German Army from 1915-1918. __________ helped him cope. Phase II – Stalemate The year 1914 ended with the “Christmas Truce”… and still no clear ___________________. Trench warfare had turned into ______________________. ____________________________________ for “little gain” would again be the norm in 1915. The battles in 1915 followed the same futile pattern. 1st… _______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. 2nd… ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 18 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution 3rd… ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. The ______________________________________________ in France in 1915 was a perfect example of this futility. British troops managed to take over _______________ yards… but suffered _____________________ casualties. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF NEUVE CHAPELLE: Put this info in your Battles Chart. There was one attempt to break the stalemate. During the Second Battle of Ypres, Germany used ________ for the first time. The ____________________ gas hit _______________ troops, __________ of whom died within _______ minutes. Those who lived were temporarily ______________________. Germany, however, had put ______________________ in its new weapon and was _______________________ to exploit the success. They gained ___________________________. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! 2nd BATTLE OF YPRES: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Britain opened a new front by invading the ___________________ ___________________ in March 1915. They knew that a successful here would give them a ____________________________________________________________. Could give Germany a ___________ front if it tried to help out. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 19 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Early in 1916, Germany felt it was time to mount an offensive against France. Germany was convinced that it didn’t need to worry about ___________________ any longer. They were right. Germany picked the city of _________________ to attack. They knew the French, for ___________________ reasons, would “throw in every man they have” to keep Verdun. Germany hoped France would be “_________________________ __________________________”. The _____________________________________ began with a German assault that took ________ miles of territory. The French later _________________________________ almost all the ground lost. The front returned to a ______________________ that had existed since before the battle. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF VERDUN: Put this info in your Battles Chart. If the world was made speechless by Verdun, it would be _______________________________ by the next major battle. In order to help take the pressure off the French at Verdun, Britain attacked along the _____________________________. The First Battle of the Somme would dub Britain’s New Army as the “_______________________________________”. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 20 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution On the __________________, they suffered ________________ casualties (including ________________ deaths) for a gain of a few _____________. After the Allies succeeded in taking 7.5 miles territory, the battle lapsed into _________________________… again. However, it was during this battle that the British gave the _____________ its first trial in combat. While the German soldiers fled in panic at the sight of the new machines, most of them became ____________________________ or came to a ___________ because of _________________________________________. By 1918, however, the tank helped to _________ the deadlock. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! BATTLE OF THE SOMME: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Phase III – The Tide Turns By 1917, the stalemate was broken and the tide turned. Britain found a way to ________________ Germany’s U-boats. The __________________________________________________ forced Russia to “quit”. The ___________ joined the Allies. The British began using the ______________________________ to get around Germany’s U-boats. In this system, merchant ships sailed ___________________ and were escorted by ____________________. This forced U-boats to ________________ themselves to attack. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 21 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Soon, the Allies were destroying submarines __________________ ______________________________________________________. Although the submarine campaign continued into 1918, it was no longer a deadly threat. This accomplishment was soon overshadowed by a ___________ problem. Russia was in ______________________ and signed a treaty to _______________________________________________ in WWI. Why was this a concern for the Allies in the West? Here’s what went wrong in Russia in 1917… (1) _________________________________________________________. (2) _________________________________________________________. (3) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________. A “_____________________” Revolution (which actually occurred in _________________ in the Gregorian calendar), forced Czar Nicholas to ____________________. Nicholas and his family, including little ________________________, were __________________________________________. Russian soldiers soon joined ___________________ demonstrations led by the ______________________________________. Under _____________________________________ and _____________________________________, the Russian Government was toppled in the “_________________” Revolution (occurred in November). Unit 8: World War I ** Page 22 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Once in power, the Bolshevik leader Lenin sent delegates to negotiate a treaty with Germany. Russian _____________________ from the war in March 1918. Russia remains ________________________ until December 25, ___________. Luckily for the Allies, the ______________ enters and fills the “____________” left by Russia. But, it took the U.S. _______ years to decide to do so. In 1914, most Americans preferred to follow a foreign policy of ____________________________. The U.S. public was ___________________ on what side to join. _________________ immigrants hated ___________________ because England controlled Ireland. _________________ immigrants wanted to support their _____________________. There was a general ________________________ toward ___________________ by many Americans. England = ___________________ The _____________ made Central Powers look ___________. U-boats seen as “__________________”. Two events helped convince the U.S. to join the Allies: (1) _________________________________________________________. (2) _________________________________________________________. WWI would be America’s first ____________ test in foreign war. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 23 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution On May 7, 1915, the British passenger liner ____________________ was sunk by a U-boat. _________________ were killed (including __________ Americans). Germany defended its actions and said the liner was carrying ___________________________. The _______________________________________________ was a ___________________ sent from ______________________ to the German Ambassador in ____________________. Intercepted by the British. The telegram suggested an ____________________ between Mexico and Germany. The note promised that if Mexico _____________________________ on the U.S., when Germany won, Germany would force the U.S. to give ________________, ______________________, and _______________________ back to Mexico. Mexico _______________ declared war. The U.S. had had enough. President ____________________________________________________ delivered his war resolution to Congress, who declared war on April 6, 1917. In it he said that “____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________.” The U.S. chose General ______________________________________ _____________________________ to command. Congress issued a _____________. “___________________________” were sold to help finance the war. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 24 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution ______________________ & ___________________Acts were passed. Espionage Act prohibited espionage (____________________) and provided penalties for such an activity. As amended in 1940 and 1970, it is ___________________________ __________________________________. An amendment to the law, called ___________________________ passed in 1918 (repealed in 1921). It forbade _______________ or _______________ attacks on the U.S. ________________________, ________________________, or ______________. The Espionage and Sedition Acts led to _______________ arrests, _______________ trials, ____________ prison sentences, and curtailed freedom of the press. The 1919 case _______________________________________________ questioned the constitutionality of the acts. Supreme Court ruled that unpatriotic speech and publications were _________________ ONLY if they constituted a “_____________________________________________________” to national security. Ex: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. While the Allies awaited the arrival of U.S. soldiers and aid, the war continued to be one horrific battle after the another. Germany was running out of ____________… and _____________. WAIT!!! BATTLE INFO! SEVEN DIFFERENT BATTLES: Put this info in your Battles Chart. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 25 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Phase IV – The End The ability of the _________________________ to hold out for _____ days against the ______________________ in the Argonne Forest crushed the German ________________. One-by-one, the Central Powers _____________________________ beginning with _____________________. On November 11, 1918, at 11:00am, hostilities on the Western Front officially _________________________________________. The end of WWI on the “____________________________________ ______________________” is now ________________________. President Wilson advocated a _______________________________ toward Germany. Wilson outlined his ideas in his ________________________________. Allied leaders were __________________ with Wilson and wanted to _____________ Germany. Delegates from all of the “_____________________” Allied countries (except ________________) met in _____________, France, in January 1919 to draft the peace treaties. The end result was the terrible, terrible, terrible Treaty of ________________________. In the end, Germany was ____________________________________ and was forced to: (1) __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Unit 8: World War I ** Page 26 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution (2) __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (3) __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (4) __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Is there any wonder this treaty causes WWII? Only ______ of Wilson’s Fourteen Points was used… The formation of the ________________________________________. It was like a stripped-down, weaker version of the ________________________________. The U.S. ________________ ratified the Treaty of Versailles. The U.S. signed a __________________ peace treaty with Germany (Treaty of ________________) in 1921. FYI… the U.S. __________________________ the League of Nations. The Legacy of World War I The cost of the “war to end all wars” was nightmarish. ______ million died in combat. ______ million died of misc. ______ million were wounded. Unit 8: World War I ** Page 27 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Over ______ million were left permanently disabled. Entire generation… _______________. Allied KIA was: 1,700,000 ________________________… 1,385,000 ________________________… 908,000 ________________________… 116,516 ________________________… 60,000 ________________________… Central Powers KIA was: 1,800,000 ________________________… 1,200,000 ________________________… 336,000 ________________________… 101,000 ________________________… % casualties for all armies: France… ________ Austria-Hungary… ________ Bulgaria… ________ Russia… ________ Germany… ________ Britain… ________ Ottoman Empire… ________ Italy… ________ U.S.A.… ________ Unit 8: World War I ** Page 28 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution Total $$$ for war: ______________________… $38 billion ______________________… $35 billion ______________________… $24 billion ______________________… $22 billion ______________________... $22 billion ______________________… $20 billion The _____________________________________ of Europe crumbled. The _________________, ______________________________, ________________, and the ______________________________ were gone for good. Adolf Hitler, a WWI vet, ____________________________________… THE END! Unit 8: World War I ** Page 29 ** © 2011 Dr. Hartnell’s Revolution