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Name: __________________ Date: __________ Unit 4 Notes #6 – ANGIOSPERMS – “The Flowering Seed Plants” Body Plan: - Many Angiosperms have a similar body plant to that of the Gymnosperms. Including ________________________________________ - The key difference is the design of_________________________________________ _______________, the flower may account for their greater reproductive success when compared to gymnosperms. A) Flower Structure: - All angiosperms _______________________________through their flower parts. - Many angiosperms have________________________, a complete flower has both ________(produces pollen/sperm) and ___________(produces ovule/egg) structures. - A complete flower consists of the following: i) ________________- ________________(often green) encloses and ______________ the flower bud as it develops. ii) _____________- Often brightly coloured to ________________________________ to facilitate pollination. iii) ________________________- Specialized circle of fertile leaves have a thin “_______________” with a pad-like “______________” at the top. The anther is the site of _______________________________________ iv) _______________________The pistil consist of a wide base called the __________ an extending stalk called the __________and a small platform called the __________ B) Angiosperm - Stages of Sexual Reproduction 1) Pollen grains developed by the anther. 2) Flower petals or nectar attracts pollen-carrying insects, or pollen is delivered by the wind. 3) Pollen grains land on mature STIGMA (female) during ______________________ 4) _____________________________________________________________________ 5) Migration of ____________ __________________down the tube. 6) Nucleus _________________________________________________________ 7) Pollen tube ruptures once it penetrates the ovary 8) ____________________________________________ to form a diploid __________ while the other___________________________________________________________ __________________. This ____________ ________________goes onto form the embryo’s food supply. The entire process is called _____________________________ 9) Sepals, petals, and stamens then wither. The ovary swells and ovule/seed grows. Often the _______________________________________________________________ Example: Apple, Orange, Cucumber, Avocado, Tomato 10) Seeds (mature ovules) have a period of dormancy from a few weeks to many years before germination. C) Complete vs. Incomplete Flowers i) Complete flowers: Contain both sexes (common flower) ii) ________________________________________________________________(Corn silk and tassel, Willow fronds and kittens) Advantages of Incomplete Flowers 1) Ensures _________________________. Therefore exchange of genetic material with a different individual takes place. (____________________________________) 2) Cross-fertilization tends to produce _______________________________________ ________________________of Incomplete Flowers 1) Other ______________________________for successful pollination to take place. 2) Must rely on insects or wind for this distant pollination. If it is a bad year for insects or if there is a lack of wind, __________________________________________ D) Features that Gymnosperms Lack 1) Seeds are _____________________________________________________________ 2) Both angiosperms and gymnosperms have xylem composed of tracheids (hollow woody cells), but angiosperms also have larger “vessels”. This type of xylem is _________________________________________________________________ 3) Xylem in angiosperms also has________________________, causing the wood to ___________________________. Many angiosperm trees are referred to as ________________________________________________________ E) Angiosperms Classes: Angiosperms are divided into two subclasses, based on the _____________________ __________________ they develop. - A cotyledon ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ - Some angiosperms exhibit a ____________cotyledon (the________________), while others exhibit __________cotyledons (the______________). - Common monocots include: ______________________________________________ _________________Rye and Barley. - Common dicots include: __________________________Cacti, and most other Deciduous Forest Trees and Flowering Plants. - They also differ in other respects as well: Characteristic Leaves Monocot Dicot Stem Thickness Most do not grow thicker from year to year Flower Flower parts found in multiples of ________ Tend to ______________________ from year to year Flower parts found in multiples of ____________ Vascular Bundles In Stem F) Uses of Angiosperms 1) 2) __________________________________________ Cereal and grain crops 3) ___________________________________________ 4) _________________________