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Summer reading: AP European History Name ________________________________ Due Date: Thursday, August 27, 2009 Summer Reading Packet, 2009-10 The required summer reading for this class is William Manchester’s, A World Lit Only By Fire. This book can be purchased from local bookstores. As you read, remember that “History is not just what happened; it’s who tells us what happened.” The primary purpose in reading this book is to gain increased knowledge and perspective about the main characteristics and figures of the Renaissance and the Reformation. At the same time, you must read critically. Remember, Manchester is presenting only one of many interpretations of the Renaissance and its relationship to the Middle Ages. This study guide is divided into three parts: questions to answer as you read, a who's who list (alphabetical) of major figures you will encounter as you read, and evaluation questions to answer after you have completed the book. Answer the questions completely, summarizing in your own words. Do not simply recopy whole passages from the book. Notes for A World Lit Only by Fire Test on this book the first Friday of the semester. Part I - The Medieval Mind Describe the Dark Ages. What role did Christianity play in the Middle Ages? Why does Manchester say that the medieval world was not a "civilization"? Summer reading: AP European History What were the characteristics of the medieval mind? What factors in the 15th century contributed to the beginning of the end of the Middle Ages? Part II - The Shattering In what ways was the 15th century a violent time? What were some of the problems of the Roman Catholic Church? How was the population of Europe distributed in 1500? Describe medieval towns Summer reading: AP European History Describe life for peasants Describe life for knights. Describe the religious beliefs of the average European. Describe common attitudes toward marriage and sexuality. How did most great artists support themselves during the Renaissance? Summer reading: AP European History Explain the development of printing. What was its impact? What kinds of education were available? What role did ancient classical literature play in the Renaissance? What did humanists believe/stand for? Describe the Renaissance popes. What were indulgences? Why were they so controversial? Summer reading: AP European History Describe Luther's early religious beliefs and experiences. Why did he post his 95 Theses? What were the effects? Summarize the major events that led to Luther's break with the Roman Catholic Church. In what ways had the groundwork for the Reformation been laid before Luther? Of what importance was the use of vernacular language (not Latin) to the Reformation? For what abuses did Luther criticize the Roman Catholic Church? Summer reading: AP European History Who supported Protestantism and why? In what ways did humanism threaten the Church? How did politics contribute to Luther's success? What other Protestant movements developed besides Lutheranism? What was Erasmus' position on the Reformation? How did humanists respond to the Lutheran Reformation? Summer reading: AP European History Describe Calvinism. Describe the sack of Rome in 1527. How did the Roman Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? Explain the reasons for and events of the English Reformation. Part III - One Man Alone What factors contributed to the end of the medieval world? What motives did Europeans have for exploration" Summer reading: AP European History Assess the achievements/contributions of: Martin Luther Prince Henry the Navigator Dias DaGama Columbus Cabot Ponce de Leon Cortes Balboa Magellan What role did politics play in Magellan's voyage? What does Manchester think accounts for Magellan's success? Summer reading: AP European History Do you agree with Manchester's assessment of Magellan as "the world's greatest explorer"? Why or why not? Who's Who: Describe the historical importance/major contributions of each: Boccaccio Cesare Borgia Borgia family Botticelli John Calvin Carlos I (Charles V) Summer reading: AP European History Castiglione Copernicus Dante Alighieri Durer Elizabeth I Erasmus Ferdinand and Isabella Summer reading: AP European History Francis I Fugger family Galileo Gutenberg Henry VII Henry VIII John Hus Julius II Summer reading: AP European History Kepler Leonardo da Vinci Luther Machiavelli Mary I ("Bloody Mary") Maximillian I Medici family Summer reading: AP European History Michelangelo More Petrarch Pico della Mirandola Rabelais Savonarola Tetzel Torquemada Summer reading: AP European History Zwingli Critical Evaluation Summarize Manchester's thesis in a single sentence. (What point is he trying to prove in writing this book?) Manchester includes a fair amount of sexual material in this book. Do you think it adds or detracts? Why? What kinds of people get the most attention in this book? Who gets the least attention? Is anyone missing entirely? Is this a problem? Why or why not? Summer reading: AP European History Read the "Acknowledgements and Sources" and skim through the bibliography. Do most of the sources seem to be primary (written at the time - Renaissance) or secondary (written later)? Does that influence how you evaluate this book? How? Does Manchester have any evident biases that come through in his writing? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this book as an overview of the Renaissance?