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Lab Practice 7 Global History and Geography II Name: _______________________ E. Napp Date: _______________________ 1- Studying oral histories, archaeological evidence, and cultural histories are methods most often used by (1) economists (3) philosophers (2) anthropologists (4) political scientists 2-Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because (1) the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world (2) it was a religious center for Muslims (3) its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia (4) it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires 3- One way in which the Huang He, the Indus, and the Nile civilizations were similar is that they each (1) flourished by trading salt and gold (2) developed monotheistic religions (3) suffered repeated invasions (4) originated in river valleys 4- One way in which the code of chivalry in Europe and the code of Bushido in Japan were similar is that both codes were intended to (1) help the ruler control his people (2) guide the behavior of a warrior class (3) benefit all the social classes (4) support revolutionary ideas 5- A direct result of the conquest of Tenochtitlán by Hernán Cortés in 1521 was the (1) expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain (2) establishment of Portuguese trade routes around Africa (3) fall of the Aztec Empire (4) conquest of the Kush Kingdom 6- The success of the triangular trade system depended on increasing (1) political independence of the Caribbean nations (2) emphasis on free trade in European nations (3) slave trade in the Western Hemisphere (4) industrialization of the South American colonies 7- Which quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch? (1) “The government that governs best governs least.” (2) “I am the state.” (3) “The government must be based on a sound constitution.” (4) “It is the parliament that must make the laws.” 8- The Glorious Revolution in England resulted in the (1) strengthening of divine right rule (2) formation of a limited monarchy (3) weakening of Parliament’s power of the purse (4) end of civil liberties guaranteed by the Petition of Right 9- Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire? (1) imperialism (3) liberalism (2) nationalism (4) socialism 10- The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from (1) imperialism (3) cultural diffusion (2) ethnocentrism (4) self-determination Complete the Storyboard: The French Revolution Prior to 1789, French society was divided into three classes or estates. The first estate was made up of the clergy; the second estate was the nobles. The third and largest estate was the commoners. The clergy and the nobles had many special privileges, such as being exempt from most taxes. As the middle class, part of the third estate, grew wealthier, they came to resent these special privileges. During the 1700s, the king needed money due to expensive wars and borrowing. In 1789, Louis XVI summoned an Estates General, a national assembly with representatives from the three estates. The delegates from the Third Estate declared themselves to be a National Assembly. When the king threatened to break up the Assembly, Parisians seized a royal prison known as the Bastille. The king let the National Assembly meet. The National Assembly issued a Declaration of the Rights of Man, proclaiming that government rested on the consent of the people, not on the divine right of kings. The privileges of the nobles and clergy were abolished. The slogan of the Revolution became “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.” The Assembly adopted a written constitution, created a National Legislature, and turned France into a constitutional monarchy. Enlightened Despot: Catherine the Great Catherine the Great (1729 – 1796) was the granddaughter-in-law of the Russian tsar, Peter the Great. Like Peter the Great, Catherine wanted to modernize and westernize Russia. And like Peter the Great, Catherine wanted to maintain her royal absolutism. However, unlike Peter the Great, Catherine was influenced by the ideas of the French Enlightenment. She wanted to apply reason to society’s problems in order to improve society. Rulers like Catherine were called Enlightened Despots because they did not want to part with their absolute power but did want to introduce reforms into society. Catherine had many accomplishments during her reign as tsarina. She expanded Russia’s borders, continued Peter’s policies of westernization, and codified Russia’s laws. However, during the Pugachev Rebellion, Catherine came to realize her dependence on Russian lords and increased their power over the Russian serfs. Nonetheless, she regularly corresponded with Voltaire, the French Enlightenment thinker, and was succeeded by her son, Paul. Primary Source: An excerpt from Catherine the Great’s “Proposals for a New Law Code”, 1767 “…The Sovereign is absolute; for there is no other Authority but that which centers in his single Person…Every other form of government whatsoever would not only have been prejudicial to Russia, but would even have proved its entire ruin…What is the true end of monarchy? Not to deprive people of their natural liberty; but to correct their actions, in order to attain the supreme good…The Laws ought to be so framed, as to secure the Safety of every Citizen as much as possible… The equality of the citizens consists in this; that they should all be subject to the same laws…The usage of torture is contrary to all the Dictates of Nature and Reason; even Mankind itself cries out against it, and demands loudly the total abolition of it…No Man ought to be looked upon as guilty, before he has received his judicial sentence …” Questions: 1: Who was Catherine the Great? ________________________________________________________________________ 2: How were Peter the Great and Catherine the Great similar? ________________________________________________________________________ 3: Why was Catherine the Great considered an Enlightened Despot? ________________________________________________________________________ 4: According to the primary source, what is “the true end of monarchy”? ________________________________________________________________________ 5: According to the primary source, what does the equality of citizens consist in? ________________________________________________________________________ Outline the Thematic Essay: Theme: Change Throughout history, political revolutions had many causes. These revolutions affected society and led to many changes. The changes may or may not have resolved the problems that caused the revolutions. Task: Choose one political revolution from your study of global history and geography and: • Explain the causes of the revolution • Describe the effects this political revolution had on society • Evaluate whether the changes that resulted from the political revolution resolved the problems that caused it Suggestions: French Revolution (1789), Mexican Revolution (1910), Russian Revolution (1917), Chinese Revolution (1949), Cuban Revolution (1959), or Iranian Revolution (1979) Divide the box and outline the essay: From the Global History and Geography Regents: What did Great Britain export along the Atlantic trade routes? __________________________________________________________________________ Which region of the world has the greatest number of OPEC nations? ________________________________________________________________________