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Science Study Guide: Ecosystems and Adaptations Unit C: Chapters 7 and 8 Vocabulary: consumer – an animal that eats plants or other animals producer – a plant that makes its own food ecosystem – the living and nonliving things in an area population – a group of the same kind of living things in an ecosystem decomposer – a living thing that feeds on remains of plants and animals adaptation – a body part or behavior that helps a living thing survive camouflage – an adaptation that helps an animal hide form predators extinction – the loss of a kind of living thing hibernation – an inactive state during which normal body activities slow instinct – behavior that an animal is born with migration – movement from one area to another herbivore – an animal that eats only plants carnivore – an animal that only eats other animals omnivore - an animal that eats both plants and animals prey – consumers (mice, rabbits, deer) that are eaten by other animals predator – animals that hunt, kill, and eat other animals biotic – the living parts of an ecosystem. (plants, animals, insects) food web – a group of food chains that overlap Concepts: During a drought, the available resources of a habitat will decrease. In a food chain there are both producers and consumers. If the number of consumers increases, the number of producers will decrease. An example would be if the rabbits in a community increased, the number of plants and grasses would decrease. Different species of animals can coexist in a community because they have different roles or niches. This allows them to share the same resources. Biotic factors can change an environment. Kudzu is a vine that can kill trees by covering them up and blocking sunlight. When a species becomes very rare it is called endangered. When a species disappears completely it is extinct. A species can become extinct during a severe climate change, the number of predators increases, its source of food disappears, or its habitat is destroyed. Hibernation and migration are both examples of instinct. Camouflage uses color or shape to help animals blend in with their surroundings. Cutting down forests disturbs or destroys habitats. Understand food chains. (example) grass mice snake All producers (grass, plants, trees) get their energy from the sun.