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What are Fungi? Fungi are ____________________ that have cell walls. Fungi are ________________ that feed by absorbing their food. Fungi use ___________________ to reproduce. Fungi like to grow in warm and ________________ places like damp tree bark and bathroom tiles. Fungi can be ____________________ (having one cell) or multi-cellular (having many cells). Fungi cells have cell ______________ like plants, except yeasts. Fungi cells are arranged in _____________________. These _____________________ are the branching, thread like tubes of the fungi that supply energy to the cells. The structure of the hyphae changes the physical appearance of the fungi. Fungi grow the hyphae into a ____________ source. Then the fungus draws the nutrients out of the food source through the hyphae. Reproduction in Fungi Fungi usually reproduce by making ______________________. A protective coat covering the spores allows them to be carried by __________________ and _____________ to new growth sites. Fungi produce spores in reproductive structures called ____________________________. These vary from species to species of fungus. Most fungi reproduce both sexually and ____________________ (without contact with another cell of fungus). Unicellular yeast cells reproduce through a process called _________________. In sexual reproduction of fungi, the hyphae grow ______________ and genetic material is exchanged. Fungi are ____________________________ by the appearance of their reproductive structures. See page ______________ for a diagram. The Role of Fungi in Nature Fungi play important roles as _________________________ and recyclers on Earth. Many fungi provide ________________________ for people. Some cause disease and some fungi help to fight _______________________. Fungi are used in _______________. They help break down dead materials and this process helps to create new material for plants and animals to use. Compost heaps use fungi to help decompose wastes. Fungi are also used to make ____________ such as bread, yogurts, and cheeses. Mushrooms are a ________________ that people use in salads and as a pizza topping. Penicillin is an antibiotic that was created from a fungus. This was discovered by _______________________ in 1928. Yet, there are dangerous diseases that can come from fungus. Corn smut and ___________________ are two fungi that can destroy food crops. Some fungi work in a symbiotic relationship with plants and animals. Fungus that grows on a plant’s ____________ can actually help the plant grow. Lichens are organism colonies that can grow fungus, _______________________, and/or bacteria. Lichens are called _________________ organisms because they grow in areas after ________________________________, fires, or rock slides occur. Lichens are also sensitive to ____________________________________.