Download Unit 3

Unit 3
Reform, Manifest Destiny, Road to Civil War, Civil War and
Reconstruction
How did the election of 1844 change the United States? In 1844 James K. Polk, a
Democrat, was elected on an expansionist platform calling for the annexation of Texas
and calling for the “reoccupation” of Oregon. During Polk’s presidency, the U.S. annexed
an independent Texas. In a treaty with Britain, the U.S. annexed Oregon to the 49
parallel. More land was added to the U.S. through war with Mexico. This land is called
the Mexican cession
What were the differences between northern and southern states before the Civil
War? Before the Civil War, the North experienced a growing manufacturing economy,
several political changes, and a variety of dynamic reform movements. The South
remained primarily an agricultural society based upon growing cotton in a plantation
system
What were the political differences between the northern and southern states before
the Civil War? Northerners generally supported the Bank of the United States, a
protective tariff, internal improvements at the federal expense, and the prohibition of
slavery in the territories. Southerners disagreed.
What caused the Civil War? The primary causes of slavery included an argument over
federal vs. states’ rights, economic differences, and slavery.
What did Northerners think about slavery? Most Northerners prior to 1850 did not
sympathize with the Abolitionist. Those who agreed with abolition viewed it as a moral
issue. They believed that it violated the principles of democracy and the teachings of the
Bible.
What did Southerners think about slavery? Most Southerners did not own slaves
however they did support slavery because it had always existed and they considered it
much more human than Northern capitalism. They believed it was sanctioned by the
Bible.
Why was the Republican Party created? After the Whig party split over the issue of
slavery many Northerners were looking for an alternative to the Democratic Party’s
support of popular sovereignty. Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 led to the
creation of the Republican Party, a party that opposed popular sovereignty and the
extension of slavery into the territories.
What happened in the election of 1860? Although won a minority of the popular vote
running against three other candidates, he won the majority of the electoral votes. Seven
Southern states reacted to his election by seceding from the Union and forming the
Confederate States of America.
When did the Civil War begin? It began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate troops
attacked Union forces at Ft. Sumter in Charleston, S.C. After Lincoln called for
volunteers to put down the rebellion, four more southern states seceded and joined the
Confederacy
What were northern advantages in the Civil War? Although the south had better
military leadership in the early years of the war and was fighting a defensive war, the
North had advantages in population, industrial resources, agricultural resources, naval
resources, and financial resources.
Why did Southerners think “King Cotton would win the war? They hoped the
England’s need for cotton would lead to English support for the Confederacy. However,
cotton surpluses in Egypt and India accompanied by the British need for northern wheat
meant that England could not fully support the Confederacy.
Why is the year 1863 considered the turning point of the Civil war? Although the
Confederacy won many victories in the early years of the war, Union forces turned the
tide in 1863 with two important victories ay Vicksburg and Gettysburg.
When did the Civil war end? Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee surrendered at
Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.
What were some long term results of the Civil War? Slaver was abolished, the
supremacy of the federal government was established, and Northern industry started to
dominate the national economy
Significant Events
1. Texas annexed 1845
11. Kansas Nebraska Act, 1854
2. Oregon Treaty 1846
12. Republican Party Formed 1854
3. Mexican American War 1846- 1848
13. Dred v. Stanford 1857
4. Wilmot Proviso 1846
14. Lincoln Douglas Debate 1858
5. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
1848
15. Raid on Harper’s Ferry 1859
16. Election of 1860
6. California Gold Rush 1849
17. Ft Sumter 1861
7. Gadsden Purchase 1853
18. First battle of Bull Run 1861
8. Mexican Cession 1848
19. Emancipation Proclamation 1862
9. Compromise of 1850
20. Homestead Act 1862
10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852
21. Pacific Railway Act 1862
William Lloyd Garrison
22. Battle of Vicksburg and Gettysburg
1863
Frederick Douglass
Harriet Tubman
23. New York Draft Rights 1863
Sojourner Truth
24. Gettysburg Address 1863
John C. Calhoun
25. Wade-Davis Bill 1864
John C. Fremont
26. Lincoln’s second inauguration 1865
Roger Taney
27. Lincoln assassination 1865
Stephen Douglas
Important People
John Tyler
John Breckenridge
James K. Polk
John Bell
Zachary Taylor
Jefferson Davis
Brigham Young
Ulysses S. Grant
Abraham Lincoln
George McClellan
Robert E. Lee
9. Bleeding Kansas
William T. Sherman
10. popular sovereignty
Edwin Stanton
11. Freeport Doctrine
Charles Sumner
12. Crittenden Resolution
Words or phrases
1. manifest destiny
13. copperheads
2. “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”
3. Mexican Cession
4. forty-niners
5. antebellum
6. “peculiar institution”
7. Underground Railroad
8. Fugitive Slave Act
14. King Cotton