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Unit 13 (2 weeks ) WW II 1933-1945 Chapters The American pageant 34-35 Quiz on each Chapter, Objective test chapters 34-35 Short response test 34-35 DBQ 1 WORLD WAR II 2.0 weeks Organizing Principles - World War II and the New Deal philosophy that the government was a legitimate agent of social welfare became firmly embedded in the American mind. Topics: (1930s foreign policy, neutrality, World War II (political, economic, social consequences], strategies and battles, post-war demobilization, Fair Deal, Red Scare, 1938 Conquest of the Sudantland Unit 13 Chapter 34 and Czechoslovakia FDR and the Shadow of War 1939 German Soviet Non Time Line 1898 Spanish American War – Aggression Pact Philippines 1939 Invasion of Poland – Britain 1905 Russo Japanese War --- Korea and France declare war on Germany 1914-18 WW I 1939 U.S. Military Build Up within 1917-1926 Intervention the U.S. 1922 Benito Mussolini comes to 1940 Germany Invades France power 1940– 41 Battle of Britain 1931 Spanish monarchy replaced by 1940 destroyers for bases Lend republic Lease Act 1931 Japan Invade Manchuria 1940 Rome Berlin Tokyo Axis 1932 Nazi party comes to power 1941 Germany Invades Russia 1932 Japan occupies and controls 1941Pearl Harbor Manchuria 1942Tokyo Raid 1933 Hitler Becomes Chancellor 1942 battle for the Coral Sea 1934 Hitler become Fuehrer and Midway military swears allegiance to 1942 Invasion of Africa and the him drive out of the Germans 1935 Italy conquers Ethiopia 1943 Stalingrad/Kursk 1936 Germany reoccupies the 1943 Invasion of Italy --Mussolini Rhineland Executed/Italy is out 1936 U.S. Congress declares 1944 Invasion of France by Allies at neutrality 1944/45 battle of the bulge 1937 Spanish Civil war Begins lead 1945 Berlin invaded Hitler commits by Franco suicide/Germany surrenders 1937 Japan attacks Nanking and 1945 2 A bombs dropped on Japan Shanghai 1945 Russia declares war on Japan 1938 Anchultz Conquest of Austria 1945 Japan Surrenders to U.S. by Germany The Build up Why Italy? Why Mussolini? The birth of Fascism (extreme nationalism) In the 1920 as a result of economic depression – political instability and the results of WW I (ie. No land gained from helping the allies) Why Benito Mussolini Il Duce End of WW I Italy did not get part the Austrian empire Almost joined Germany– Mussolini began the fascist movement in Italy – started out looking like it would fail but the condition of the nation made it possible for the extremists to take power. High unemployment Week government Unemployed soldiers He appealed to the people In 1919 and 1920 there were a lot of agricultural strikes that terrified the middle class and the industrial class – the groups in which Mussolini appealed to the most – By 1922 he had gained enough support and his BLACK SHIRT army was strong enough that he threatened to march on Rome – Fearful of an overthrow Victor Emanuel III abdicated and gave power to Mussolini – he began his fascist state – individual rights were not to come before the loyalty to the nation of Italy- developed a secret police and began censorship –all anti fascist parties were outlawed and members were placed in jail as political prisoners – He began fascist youth organization that were based on military service and loyalty to ones nation – His goal was to create a new Italy or a new ROME to once again bring civilization to the world – he hoped to create a nation of hard workers who were physically fit – intellectually sharp – disciplined and intellectually sharp. He did manage to also– major economic reforms-Built railroads and created jobs And he fed the people – Women were expected to stay home and cook and have babies. Fascist believed that the family was the pillar of the state 1935 he attacked Ethiopia – because Italy lost to Ethiopia in the 1800’s He was a totalitarian and a fascist – but he knew that he could not win a European War and questioned an alliance with Hitler –based on the grounds that Germany in WW I back out on supporting Austrian and focused most of its attention to the West Mussolini chose the side of Franco in the Spanish Civil War and wanted Germany Why Hitler Have students act out skit for the introduction of Hitler – use handout Born in Austria 1889 Received the Iron Cross for bravery in WW I 1920 leader of the NSDAP = NAZI party 1923 attempted a putsch in Munich and was arrested wrote mien kampf from prison in 1 year out of a 20 tear sentence Mein Kampf has 5 main points a lays out Hitler’s plan and points out the problems in Germany and it offers a solution to the problems. It also expresses the hatred of the German people for their existing situation 1. Anti-Semitism –Jews are the declared enemy of the German state they are traitors to the German people and the “stab in the Dark” 2. Rejection of the Versailles Treaty and German war Quilt from 231 3 Confiscation of illicit war profits – aimed at middle class Jews that owned business 4 Protection of the middle class from big and corrupt business 5. Land redistribution of land to the peasants Powerful speaker – CULT OF PERSONALITY Fascist -- extreme nationalism Late 1920 Nazi party has little power in German politics – the Depression of the 1930’s would change that Unemployment rose 2.25 million or 25% of the labor force 1 in 4 was out of work This was the hardest hit industrial country by the depression 1930 The Nazi party gained 107 seats in the Reichstag 1932 Nazi party was the largest party in the German Govt controlling 14.5 million votes of only 35 million voters Jan 10 1933 Hitler is appointed Chancellor within 8 weeks Hitler purged all of his opposition mostly communist from the govt. Used Brown Shirts By mid 1933 the Nazi Party was the only legal party in Germany black or SS troops killed the Brown Shirts From 1933 – 1936 Hitler and the Nazi party rebuilt the German Economy – provided thousands of jobs – Massive road and public works were built – Science research expanded – military and raw material resources were horded Nazi youth camps were created which resembled the boy scouts -1934 he became the Fuhrer of Germany (only 15% of the population claimed to be Nazi )and began to ignore the treaty of Versailles – began to rebuild his military – 1934 he supported the Franco forces in the Spanish Civil War --- this was a testing ground or the Germany tactics the BLITZ 1936 re took the Rhineland without opposition – and formed the Axis alliance with Italy 1938 Annexed Austria Anschluss (Sound OF Music) invaded the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia all of the was allowed by the nations of Europe Appeasement – for the harsh treaty of WW I 1938 Munich Conference – Appeasement France and United Kingdom did not want another war – there nations were still recovering from the last one – Pacifist governments were in charge – Chamberlain the Prime minister of the UK went to Munich and met with Hitler to insure peace in Europe – This conference gave German the go ahead to take over Czechoslovakia One year late German and the UK would be at war with each other 1939 -Non Aggression pact with Russia- this was an agreement not to fight each other it also guaranteed the division of Poland 2/3 to Germany once it invaded and 1/3 to the Soviet Union once Germany invaded. This part of the agreement was kept secret. Both Countries however knew war between each other was unavoidable – this pact was a delaying tactic for both sides Why Japan Spanish Civil War America allows a Democracy to fall to preserve its own interests first 1931 Spanish crown is overthrown by a parliamentary republic In 1936 pro royalists lead by Francisco Franco – and supported by the Germans and Italians started the Spanish Civil War – Russia not wanting to see there Germans gain any more strength supported the republic and wanted a communist ally in Spain--- the U.S. did not choose side by hundreds of U.S. citizens volunteered to fight as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade – a leftist group of Americans – who believed that if Spain fell to fascism then France and England would be next Franco Won No country questioned the Usage of the New German military which had been disbanded at the end of WW I Spain however would not join Japan Germany and Italy in WW II it along with Switzerland Sweden and Portugal would remain neutral Germany Invades The Blitzkrieg Sept 1939 Invasion of Poland Use map from Atlas and highlight with students Poland is divided results in the French and British declaring war on Germany Spring 1940 Blitz on Belgium (EBEN EMAEL) Netherlands Denmark and Norway and the Invasion of France and the success of the Maginot Line – use atlas maps and highlight advances – go over the evacuation of Dunkirk – Dunkirk evacuation A large force of British and French were cut off by a German armored advance to the Channel Over 330,000 Allied troops were evacuated by sea Phony War Period 1939 Operation Sea Lion A plan similar to Napoleon’s a century earlier – the Battle of Britain – Germany’s attempt to invade Great Britain and the first real test of Prime Minister Winston Churchill who replaced Chamberlain The Battle of Britain was fought entirely in the air over England and the English Channel – the Use of the newly invented Radar by the British enabled the smaller Raf to defeat the German Luftwaffa – thus successfully preventing Germany from invading England June 1941 Operation Barabarrosa – This was a direct violation of the Non aggression Pact (Hitler followed the same invasion plan as Napoleon –even to depart in the spring in hopes of a quick victory) destruction of 1 million Soviet troops and 2000 Russian aircraft and why it was not as successful as it should have been – Bailing out the Italians in Greece – This forced the German army to divert troops to Greece that were need to obtain the objectives in Russia – German army is stopped outside of the Soviet Union’s major cities – Leningrad – Moscow and Stalingrad – “Stalin orders not another step back” Hitler orders no surrender and no retreat. Comment on the Fighting between Soviets and Germans also the size of the opposing armies High point for German war effort June 1941 successful invaded Russia Yugoslavia (comment on Tito and is guerrilla tactics) and Greece – Eastern Europe was now a Nazi German satellite Lebensraum – Ukraine Romania Bulgaria and Hungary all became part of Germany France Realized another war in Europe would be fought on French Soil – Maginot Line- Was unable to prevent the re arming of Germany and the occupation of the Rhineland—Did not want war— Promised to defend the Rights of Poland By the end of 1940 France was controlled y Germany and a puppet German Govt. ruled France—Part of the Army and its leaders fled across the channel to England. England UK Lead by Neville Chamberlain at first and then by Winston Churchill Sought to avoid war – wanted to stay out of the European Problems—Munich Peace Pact gave Hitler the Sudantland in order to avoid War –this helped to cost Chamberlain his Job and brought Winston Churchill to Prime Minister Churchill Prepared for War Promised to defend the rights of Poland While the United Stats remained Neutral it did support he UK Escorted Ships in the Atlantic and gave Britain Destroyers United States Lead by FDR and later Truman The Government wanted to get into the war the people did not People did not see the reason for WWI – and did not want to get involved with the tribal conflicts of Europe Two term ending FDR election 1940 Republicans had two choices Robert Taft (son) Wendell Willkie (German) Democrats FDR Accused of being a dictator – A maintaining election Acts of Neutrality or War London conference 1933 FDR chose domestic policy over foreign by refusing to attend Conference was designed to stabilize all currency in each nation at a level to begin trade – FDR say this as a threat to American recovery – as it would put the dollar under control of a new world market – Conference failed and extreme nationalism in Europe was born Philippines and Russia Far east was to expensive to maintain Tidings-McDuffie Act passed – granting Philippines independence in 1946 and a U.S. Army but not Naval pull out. Set the Philippines up for conquest in 1941-42 Also at the same time in 1933 FDR announced the existence of the USSR done to get their help in pressure on Japan (1937 Russo/Japanese treaty) Good Neighbor U.S. would stay out of Europe andconcentrate on protecting the Western Hemisphere – promised non intervention in the America’s pulled out all U.S. troops – convinved the America’s that the Monroe Doctrine was now a protector of them as well and needed there help to keep the rising power of Germany out. Announced at the 7th Pan American conference in Uruguay –Latin America was sold Bonds and prospered under this. Reciprocal trade Agreement Act Created by Sec State Hull – trade is two ways and it became a presidential agreement so that it did not have to go through congress (FDR was given permission to lower tariffs by 50% new deal) 29 nations agreed and America was trading on the foreign market and climbing out of depression – it lead the way for American domination of trade after WW II 1936 Neutrality Act keep us out of foreign wars – and no American in time of a foreign war could sell munitions or sail on a belligerent ship Destroyers for Bases UK Use of bases in Caribbean for 99 years to protect Panama UK get 50 destroyers – U.S. chose sides no longer a 19th century gentlemen’s war Lend Lease With U.K. and later Russia – weapons would be returned at the end of the war – like getting a used tire back $50 billion dollars in aid to the allies U.S. aid to the soviets prevented the Germans form sending supplies to fight in the battle of Britain U.S. Entrance Review US support of the Allies in 1940 – Atlantic Ocean escorts – Lend Lease and Destroyers For Bases Dec 7 th 1941 – Pearl Harbor Show clip from Tora Tora Tora Explain the detail of the battle a tactical victory a strategic defeat – what the Japanese missed – Dry Docks – oil dump and munitions dump--3 carriers Conspiracy theory Chapter 35 America In WW II 1941-45 WW II can be divided into three chronological times and two geographical areas – 1. 1939 –42 German and Japanese Victories 2. 1942-43 Allied counterattack and halting of Axis advances 3. 1944-45 the Allied advance to victory The two geographical areas are Europe and the Pacific 1942 Stalingrad and Kursk Show start of the enemy at the gate video These were the turning point in the war in Europe and Russia’s first victories Stalingrad cost the Germans an entire army The attack on Stlaingrad started with 300,000 German troops in 1943 a year after the battles in around Stalingrad began 90,000 Germans surrendered of this number, 50,000 would be killed or die from disease in Russian POW camps Immediately following Stalingrad was the battle for KURSK – this was the world’s largest tank battle over a 10-mile front – 2,700 German tanks vs. 3,600 Russian tanks – it was a Russian Victory – ½ million German casualties and 1,500 tanks destroyed Northern Africa From Egypt to the Atlantic November 1942 US and British troops drive Rommel out of Africa and by July 1943 they are in Italy By the end of July 43 Mussolini was hanged by his people and by Sept 43 Italy surrendered – the Germans in Italy continued to fight-- Monte Casino –and its bombing fighting thought the mountains (Nisei Japanese American unit 99th) by the end of 1944 Italy belonged to the allies (GIVE BACK GROUND ON ROMMELL AND THE ATTEMPT TO ASSASINATE HITLER) Liberation of Europe After having the Russians fight in Europe sine 1939 the US lead allies finally invaded mainland Europe in June 1944-- Operation Overlord – D Day June 6th Show Clip form Saving Private Ryan After fighting thought he Hedge groves of France by Aug the allies reached Paris and liberated the City – Show model of Sherman Tank Operation Market Garden and the importance of Bridges in the War Show Film Clip form A Bridge to Far the early tank battle and the Crossing of the Bridge Bombing of Germany—mention Germany is pushed back all along the Russian Front –Stalin begs the allies to open up a second front in Europe (allies especially the US believe it is to early and they are not ready to invade – rather see the Germans and the Russians Kill each other of Africa 1940 –41 Germans lead by Rommel the Desert Fox Conquered all of Memphis Bell and show clip form the film – show bomb run photographs Battle of the Bulge show on Map and Highlight explain the importance of air power and fuel and the end of the Third Reich April 1945 Soviets surround Berlin Roosevelt Dies and Truman becomes president April 30th Hitler Suicide and marriage Eva Braun May 2nd Germany surrenders under Admiral Donitz a non-Nazi Concentration Camps Show poster and reason for Concentration Camps show mop of locations Show actual Army video footage and comment on the allowance of Jews to hunt down some of the German Guards – Nazi flight to South America – Nuremberg Trials War with Japan Review Pearl Philippines The Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway – Show footage Australia and Burma Island Hoping and the battles for Guadalcanal and Tarawa – Explain Japanese honor code BUSHIDOIwo Jima and Okinawa Show overhead maps of the island sizes and the island of Rabaul and the reason it was bypassed Discuss the reason fro the A bombs Enola Gay = Little Boy Little Caboose = Fat Man Were they justified? Estimated 1000000 Americans to be KIA if Island invasion was needed Rebuilding of Japan and Mac Arthur Combine with Slid show from Power Point And Bring in Books of Photographs Set up for Cold War After Affects of the War Our enemies became our allies some of our allies became our enemies Germany and Japan would be rebuilt by the United States and Join the U.S. in the Cols War against the Soviet Union