Download Why Italy?

Unit 13
(2 weeks )
WW II 1933-1945
Chapters The American pageant 34-35
Quiz on each Chapter, Objective test chapters 34-35
Short response test 34-35
DBQ 1
WORLD WAR II
2.0 weeks
Organizing Principles - World War II and the New Deal philosophy that the
government was a legitimate agent of social welfare became firmly embedded in the
American mind.
Topics: (1930s foreign policy, neutrality, World War II (political, economic, social
consequences], strategies and battles, post-war demobilization, Fair Deal, Red Scare,
1938 Conquest of the Sudantland
Unit 13 Chapter 34
and Czechoslovakia
FDR and the Shadow of War
1939 German Soviet Non
Time Line
1898 Spanish American War –
Aggression Pact
Philippines
1939 Invasion of Poland – Britain
1905 Russo Japanese War --- Korea
and France declare war on Germany
1914-18 WW I
1939 U.S. Military Build Up within
1917-1926 Intervention
the U.S.
1922 Benito Mussolini comes to
1940 Germany Invades France
power
1940– 41 Battle of Britain
1931 Spanish monarchy replaced by
1940 destroyers for bases Lend
republic
Lease Act
1931 Japan Invade Manchuria
1940 Rome Berlin Tokyo Axis
1932 Nazi party comes to power
1941 Germany Invades Russia
1932 Japan occupies and controls
1941Pearl Harbor
Manchuria
1942Tokyo Raid
1933 Hitler Becomes Chancellor
1942 battle for the Coral Sea 1934 Hitler become Fuehrer and
Midway
military swears allegiance to
1942 Invasion of Africa and the
him
drive out of the Germans
1935 Italy conquers Ethiopia
1943 Stalingrad/Kursk
1936 Germany reoccupies the
1943 Invasion of Italy --Mussolini
Rhineland
Executed/Italy is out
1936 U.S. Congress declares
1944 Invasion of France by Allies at
neutrality
1944/45 battle of the bulge
1937 Spanish Civil war Begins lead
1945 Berlin invaded Hitler commits
by Franco
suicide/Germany surrenders
1937 Japan attacks Nanking and
1945 2 A bombs dropped on Japan
Shanghai
1945 Russia declares war on Japan
1938 Anchultz Conquest of Austria
1945 Japan Surrenders to U.S.
by Germany
The Build up
Why Italy?
Why Mussolini?
The birth of Fascism (extreme
nationalism) In the 1920 as a result
of economic depression – political
instability and the results of WW I
(ie. No land gained from helping the
allies) Why Benito Mussolini
Il Duce
End of WW I Italy did not get part
the Austrian empire
Almost joined Germany–
Mussolini began the fascist
movement in Italy – started out
looking like it would fail but the
condition of the nation made it
possible for the extremists to take
power. High unemployment
Week government
Unemployed soldiers
He appealed to the people
In 1919 and 1920 there were a lot of
agricultural strikes that terrified the
middle class and the industrial class –
the groups in which Mussolini appealed
to the most – By 1922 he had gained
enough support and his BLACK SHIRT
army was strong enough that he
threatened to march on Rome – Fearful
of an overthrow Victor Emanuel III
abdicated and gave power to Mussolini –
he began his fascist state – individual
rights were not to come before the
loyalty to the nation of Italy- developed
a secret police and began censorship –all
anti fascist parties were outlawed and
members were placed in jail as political
prisoners – He began fascist youth
organization that were based on military
service and loyalty to ones nation – His
goal was to create a new Italy or a new
ROME to once again bring civilization
to the world – he hoped to create a
nation of hard workers who were
physically fit – intellectually sharp –
disciplined and intellectually sharp.
He did manage to also– major
economic reforms-Built railroads and created jobs
And he fed the people –
Women were expected to stay home and
cook and have babies. Fascist believed
that the family was the pillar of the state
1935 he attacked Ethiopia – because
Italy lost to Ethiopia in the 1800’s
He was a totalitarian and a fascist –
but he knew that he could not win a
European War and questioned an
alliance with Hitler –based on the
grounds that Germany in WW I back
out on supporting Austrian and
focused most of its attention to the
West
Mussolini chose the side of Franco in the
Spanish Civil War and wanted
Germany
Why Hitler
Have students act out skit for the
introduction of Hitler – use handout
Born in Austria 1889
Received the Iron Cross for bravery
in WW I
1920 leader of the NSDAP = NAZI
party
1923 attempted a putsch in Munich
and was arrested wrote mien kampf
from prison in 1 year out of a 20 tear
sentence
Mein Kampf has 5 main points a
lays out Hitler’s plan and points out
the problems in Germany and it
offers a solution to the problems. It
also expresses the hatred of the
German people for their existing
situation
1. Anti-Semitism –Jews are the
declared enemy of the German
state they are traitors to the
German people and the “stab in
the Dark”
2. Rejection of the Versailles Treaty
and German war Quilt from 231
3 Confiscation of illicit war profits
– aimed at middle class Jews that
owned business
4 Protection of the middle class from big
and corrupt business
5. Land redistribution of land to the
peasants
Powerful speaker – CULT OF
PERSONALITY
Fascist -- extreme nationalism
Late 1920 Nazi party has little power
in German politics – the Depression
of the 1930’s would change that
Unemployment rose 2.25 million or
25% of the labor force 1 in 4 was out
of work
This was the hardest hit industrial
country by the depression
1930 The Nazi party gained 107
seats in the Reichstag
1932 Nazi party was the largest party
in the German Govt controlling 14.5
million votes of only 35 million
voters
Jan 10 1933 Hitler is appointed
Chancellor within 8 weeks Hitler
purged all of his opposition mostly
communist from the govt. Used
Brown Shirts By mid 1933 the Nazi
Party was the only legal party in
Germany black or SS troops killed
the Brown Shirts
From 1933 – 1936 Hitler and the
Nazi party rebuilt the German
Economy – provided thousands of
jobs – Massive road and public
works were built – Science research
expanded – military and raw material
resources were horded
Nazi youth camps were created
which resembled the boy scouts
-1934 he became the Fuhrer of
Germany (only 15% of the
population claimed to be Nazi )and
began to ignore the treaty of
Versailles – began to rebuild his
military –
1934 he supported the Franco forces
in the Spanish Civil War --- this was
a testing ground or the Germany
tactics the BLITZ
1936 re took the Rhineland without
opposition – and formed the Axis
alliance with Italy
1938 Annexed Austria Anschluss
(Sound OF Music) invaded the
Sudetenland and
Czechoslovakia all of the was
allowed by the nations of
Europe Appeasement – for the
harsh treaty of WW I
1938 Munich Conference –
Appeasement France and United
Kingdom did not want another war –
there nations were still recovering
from the last one – Pacifist
governments were in charge –
Chamberlain the Prime minister of
the UK went to Munich and met with
Hitler to insure peace in Europe –
This conference gave German the go
ahead to take over Czechoslovakia One year late German and the UK
would be at war with each other
1939 -Non Aggression pact with
Russia- this was an agreement not to
fight each other it also guaranteed
the division of Poland 2/3 to
Germany once it invaded and 1/3 to
the Soviet Union once Germany
invaded. This part of the agreement
was kept secret. Both Countries
however knew war between each
other was unavoidable – this pact
was a delaying tactic for both sides
Why Japan
Spanish Civil War
America allows a Democracy to fall to
preserve its own interests first
1931 Spanish crown is overthrown
by a parliamentary republic
In 1936 pro royalists lead by
Francisco Franco – and supported
by the Germans and Italians started
the Spanish Civil War – Russia not
wanting to see there Germans gain
any more strength supported the
republic and wanted a communist
ally in Spain--- the U.S. did not
choose side by hundreds of U.S.
citizens volunteered to fight as the
Abraham Lincoln Brigade – a leftist
group of Americans – who believed
that if Spain fell to fascism then
France and England would be next
Franco Won
No country questioned the Usage of
the New German military which had
been disbanded at the end of WW I
Spain however would not join Japan
Germany and Italy in WW II it along
with Switzerland Sweden and Portugal
would remain neutral
Germany Invades
The Blitzkrieg
Sept 1939 Invasion of Poland
Use map from Atlas and highlight
with students Poland is divided
results in the French and British
declaring war on Germany
Spring 1940 Blitz on Belgium (EBEN
EMAEL) Netherlands Denmark and
Norway and the Invasion of France and
the success of the Maginot Line – use
atlas maps and highlight advances – go
over the evacuation of Dunkirk –
Dunkirk evacuation A large force of
British and French were cut off by a
German armored advance to the Channel
Over 330,000 Allied troops were
evacuated by sea
Phony War Period
1939 Operation Sea Lion A plan
similar to Napoleon’s a century
earlier – the Battle of Britain –
Germany’s attempt to invade
Great Britain and the first real
test of Prime Minister Winston
Churchill who replaced
Chamberlain
The Battle of Britain was fought
entirely in the air over England and the
English Channel – the Use of the newly
invented Radar by the British enabled
the smaller Raf to defeat the German
Luftwaffa – thus successfully preventing
Germany from invading England
June 1941 Operation Barabarrosa
–
This was a direct violation of the
Non aggression Pact (Hitler followed
the same invasion plan as Napoleon
–even to depart in the spring in
hopes of a quick victory) destruction
of 1 million Soviet troops and 2000
Russian aircraft and why it was not
as successful as it should have been
– Bailing out the Italians in Greece –
This forced the German army to
divert troops to Greece that were
need to obtain the objectives in
Russia – German army is stopped
outside of the Soviet Union’s major
cities – Leningrad – Moscow and
Stalingrad – “Stalin orders not
another step back” Hitler orders no
surrender and no retreat.
Comment on the Fighting between
Soviets and Germans also the size of
the opposing armies
High point for German war effort
June 1941 successful invaded Russia
Yugoslavia (comment on Tito and is
guerrilla tactics) and Greece –
Eastern Europe was now a Nazi
German satellite Lebensraum –
Ukraine Romania Bulgaria and
Hungary all became part of Germany
France
Realized another war in Europe would
be fought on French Soil – Maginot
Line- Was unable to prevent the re
arming of Germany and the occupation
of the Rhineland—Did not want war—
Promised to defend the Rights of Poland
By the end of 1940 France was
controlled y Germany and a puppet
German Govt. ruled France—Part of the
Army and its leaders fled across the
channel to England.
England UK
Lead by Neville Chamberlain at first
and then by Winston Churchill
Sought to avoid war – wanted to stay out
of the European Problems—Munich
Peace Pact gave Hitler the Sudantland in
order to avoid War –this helped to cost
Chamberlain his Job and brought
Winston Churchill to Prime Minister
Churchill Prepared for War Promised to
defend the rights of Poland
While the United Stats remained Neutral
it did support he UK
Escorted Ships in the Atlantic and gave
Britain Destroyers
United States
Lead by FDR and later Truman
The Government wanted to get into
the war the people did not
People did not see the reason for
WWI – and did not want to get
involved with the tribal conflicts of
Europe
Two term ending FDR election
1940
Republicans had two choices
Robert Taft (son)
Wendell Willkie (German)
Democrats FDR
Accused of being a dictator – A
maintaining election
Acts of Neutrality or War
London conference
1933 FDR chose domestic policy
over foreign by refusing to attend
Conference was designed to stabilize
all currency in each nation at a level
to begin trade – FDR say this as a
threat to American recovery – as it
would put the dollar under control of
a new world market – Conference
failed and extreme nationalism in
Europe was born
Philippines and Russia
Far east was to expensive to maintain
Tidings-McDuffie Act passed –
granting Philippines independence in
1946 and a U.S. Army but not Naval
pull out. Set the Philippines up for
conquest in 1941-42 Also at the
same time in 1933 FDR announced
the existence of the USSR done to
get their help in pressure on Japan
(1937 Russo/Japanese treaty)
Good Neighbor
U.S. would stay out of Europe
andconcentrate on protecting the
Western Hemisphere – promised non
intervention in the America’s pulled
out all U.S. troops – convinved the
America’s that the Monroe Doctrine
was now a protector of them as well
and needed there help to keep the
rising power of Germany out.
Announced at the 7th Pan American
conference in Uruguay –Latin
America was sold Bonds and
prospered under this.
Reciprocal trade Agreement Act
Created by Sec State Hull – trade is
two ways and it became a
presidential agreement so that it did
not have to go through congress
(FDR was given permission to lower
tariffs by 50% new deal) 29 nations
agreed and America was trading on
the foreign market and climbing out
of depression – it lead the way for
American domination of trade after
WW II
1936 Neutrality Act
keep us out of foreign wars – and no
American in time of a foreign war
could sell munitions or sail on a
belligerent ship
Destroyers for Bases UK
Use of bases in Caribbean for 99
years to protect Panama UK get 50
destroyers – U.S. chose sides no
longer a 19th century gentlemen’s
war
Lend Lease
With U.K. and later Russia – weapons
would be returned at the end of the war –
like getting a used tire back
$50 billion dollars in aid to the allies
U.S. aid to the soviets prevented the
Germans form sending supplies to
fight in the battle of Britain
U.S. Entrance
Review US support of the Allies in
1940 – Atlantic Ocean escorts –
Lend Lease and Destroyers For
Bases
Dec 7 th 1941 – Pearl Harbor
Show clip from Tora Tora Tora
Explain the detail of the battle a
tactical victory a strategic defeat –
what the Japanese missed – Dry
Docks – oil dump and munitions
dump--3 carriers
Conspiracy theory
Chapter 35
America In WW II 1941-45
WW II can be divided into three
chronological times and two
geographical areas –
1. 1939 –42 German and Japanese
Victories
2. 1942-43 Allied counterattack and
halting of Axis advances
3. 1944-45 the Allied advance to
victory
The two geographical areas are
Europe and the Pacific
1942
Stalingrad and Kursk
Show start of the enemy at the gate
video
These were the turning point in the war
in Europe and Russia’s first victories
Stalingrad cost the Germans an entire
army The attack on Stlaingrad started
with 300,000 German troops in 1943 a
year after the battles in around
Stalingrad began 90,000 Germans
surrendered of this number, 50,000
would be killed or die from disease in
Russian POW camps
Immediately following Stalingrad was
the battle for KURSK – this was the
world’s largest tank battle over a 10-mile
front – 2,700 German tanks vs. 3,600
Russian tanks – it was a Russian Victory
– ½ million German casualties and 1,500
tanks destroyed
Northern Africa From Egypt to the
Atlantic
November 1942 US and British troops
drive Rommel out of Africa and by July
1943 they are in Italy By the end of July
43 Mussolini was hanged by his people
and by Sept 43 Italy surrendered –
the Germans in Italy continued to fight-- Monte Casino –and its bombing
fighting thought the mountains (Nisei
Japanese American unit 99th) by the end
of 1944 Italy belonged to the allies
(GIVE BACK GROUND ON
ROMMELL AND THE ATTEMPT
TO ASSASINATE HITLER)
Liberation of Europe
After having the Russians fight in
Europe sine 1939 the US lead allies
finally invaded mainland Europe in June
1944-- Operation Overlord – D Day June
6th
Show Clip form Saving Private Ryan
After fighting thought he Hedge
groves of France by Aug the allies
reached Paris and liberated the City –
Show model of Sherman Tank
Operation Market Garden and the
importance of Bridges in the War
Show Film Clip form A Bridge to
Far the early tank battle and the
Crossing of the Bridge
Bombing of Germany—mention
Germany is pushed back all along the
Russian Front –Stalin begs the allies to
open up a second front in Europe (allies
especially the US believe it is to early
and they are not ready to invade – rather
see the Germans and the Russians Kill
each other of
Africa
1940 –41 Germans lead by Rommel
the Desert Fox Conquered all of
Memphis Bell and show clip form
the film – show bomb run
photographs
Battle of the Bulge show on Map and
Highlight explain the importance of
air power and fuel and the end of the
Third Reich
April 1945 Soviets surround Berlin
Roosevelt Dies and Truman becomes
president
April 30th Hitler Suicide and
marriage Eva Braun
May 2nd Germany surrenders under
Admiral Donitz a non-Nazi
Concentration Camps
Show poster and reason for
Concentration Camps show mop of
locations
Show actual Army video footage and
comment on the allowance of Jews
to hunt down some of the German
Guards – Nazi flight to South
America – Nuremberg Trials
War with Japan
Review Pearl
Philippines
The Battle of the Coral Sea and
Midway – Show footage
Australia and Burma
Island Hoping and the battles for
Guadalcanal and Tarawa – Explain
Japanese honor code BUSHIDOIwo Jima and Okinawa
Show overhead maps of the island
sizes and the island of Rabaul and
the reason it was bypassed
Discuss the reason fro the A bombs
Enola Gay = Little Boy
Little Caboose = Fat Man
Were they justified?
Estimated 1000000 Americans to be
KIA if Island invasion was needed
Rebuilding of Japan and Mac Arthur
Combine with Slid show from Power
Point
And Bring in Books of Photographs
Set up for Cold War
After Affects of the War
Our enemies became our allies some
of our allies became our enemies Germany and Japan would be rebuilt
by the United States and Join the
U.S. in the Cols War against the
Soviet Union