Download Earth: Chapter 1

Earth: Unit 1 – Chapter 12
I.
Shoreline Erosion & Deposition
A. Shoreline = a place where ______ and a _____________ meet
1. _________ play a major role in their development
B. The size of a wave depends on _____________________ and
__________________.
1. waves break when they reach __________ water
a. breaking waves release a tremendous amount of _____;
they can ______ and ______________ rock, eventually
turning it into _______
C. Waves can create a variety of features along a ____________
1. sea stacks = offshore columns of _________________
2. sea caves = form when ________ cut large holes into
__________ or ________ rock along ______________
3. headlands = _________ shaped projections that form
when rocks ________ at different _________
D. _________ = any area of shoreline made up of material
deposited by waves
1. __________ and ________ can vary
E. Longshore current = moves the _________ in a __________
pattern along a beach
1. can create ___________ – an underwater or exposed ridge
of _______, _________, or ___________________
F. Complete math skill #9 pg. 347
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II.
Wind Erosion & Deposition
A. Areas with little plant cover to _________________ and areas
made of fine, loose particles like ________ and __________ are
most vulnerable to ________ erosion
B. Wind moves materials in different ways
1. saltation = the ___________ and __________ of sandsized particles in the direction the wind is ___________
2. deflation = when wind removes the _____ layer of fine
________, leaving behind __________ rock fragments
3. abrasion = the _________ and ________________ of rock
surfaces by other ______ or _______ particles
C. The _________ and _________ of particles the wind can carry
depends on its’ ___________
D._________ = very fine sediments deposited by the wind; feels
like __________________
E. Dune = mounds of __________________________
1. tend to move in the direction of _________________
2. have a ________ sloped side and a ________ sloped side
F. Complete math skill #6 pg. 351
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III. Erosion & Deposition by Ice
A. Glacier = an enormous mass of _______________________
1. can _______, _______, and _________ large amounts of
rock material
2. form in ______________ and at high __________, where
it is so cold _______ stays on the ground all year round
B. ________________________ = form in mountainous areas
1. carve out rugged features in the ___________ rocks
through which they flow
a. horn = sharp ______ formed when _______ or
more glaciers erode a mountain from different
sides
C. ______________ glaciers = spread across entire continents
1. the largest one in the world covers almost all of ________
2. smooth the landscape by ______ and _______ its’ features
D. _________ U.S. states, including much of ______ were covered
by ice during the last ice age
E. ______________ = general term used to describe any material
carried and deposited by glaciers
1. till = rock material of various _______ deposited by a
glacier when it ________
a. ___________ = the most common type of till
deposits; form along the ________ of a glacier
2. stratified drift = a glacial deposit sorted into __________
based on the _______ of the rock particles; form by the
action of _________ or _________ glacial water
F. Complete math skill #9 pg. 357
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IV. The Effect of Gravity on Erosion & Deposition
A. ________________ = the movement of any material downslope
B. ________________ = the steepest angle at which loose material
will not move downslope
C. ________ mass movements are the most destructive
1. ___________ and ____________ are two types
2. mudflows = _____________ and removal of
_________________ can cause them
a. lahar = a type of mudflow produced by ________
___________ or heavy rains on ______________
D.Slow mass movements occur more __________ than rapid ones
1. ________ = the slow downhill movement of material;
bent ________________ are evidence of it
E. Complete math skill #5 pg. 361
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